题目
Problem
(a) Using the appropriate definitions of hyperbolic functions in terms of exponentials,
show that
sinhx+\sechx=2e3x+2exe4x+4e2x−1
(4)
(b) Hence solve the equation
sinhx+\sechx=21ex
Give the answer in the form alnb where a is a rational number and b is an integer.
(Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.)
(4)
(Total for Question 3 is 8 marks)
题目中文翻译
(a) 使用双曲函数关于指数的适当定义,证明
sinhx+\sechx=2e3x+2exe4x+4e2x−1
(b) 由此解方程
sinhx+\sechx=21ex
答案写成 alnb 的形式,其中 a 为有理数,b 为整数。
(不能依赖计算器技术求解。)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
先把 sinhx 与 sechx 写成指数形式,再通分并展开分子。目标式只含正指数,因此最后把分子、分母同乘 e2x;必须在得到最终式前展示括号完全展开的中间步骤。
答题过程
展开
Using
sinhx=2ex−e−x
and
\sechx=ex+e−x2,
Substituting these definitions and combining over a common denominator,
sinhx+\sechx==2(ex+e−x)(ex−e−x)(ex+e−x)+42ex+2e−xe2x−e−2x+4.
Multiplying the numerator and denominator by e2x gives
sinhx+\sechx==2e3x+2exe4x−1+4e2x2e3x+2exe4x+4e2x−1,
as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
“Hence” 要直接使用 (a) 的结果代入方程。交叉相乘后 e4x 会消去,只剩关于 e2x 的一次方程;由于指数函数恒正,解出 e2x=1/3 后取对数即可得到唯一实数解。
答题过程
展开
Using the result from part (a),
2e3x+2exe4x+4e2x−1=21ex.
Since ex>0, the denominator is non-zero. Cross-multiplying,
e4x+4e2x−1==21ex(2e3x+2ex)e4x+e2x.
Therefore,
3e2x=e2x=1,31.
Taking natural logarithms,
2x==ln(31)−ln3.
Hence
x=−21ln3.