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IAL 2026 Jan FP3 Q3

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

(a) Using the appropriate definitions of hyperbolic functions in terms of exponentials, show that

sinhx+\sechx=e4x+4e2x12e3x+2ex\sinh x + \sech x = \frac{e^{4x} + 4e^{2x} - 1}{2e^{3x}+2e^x}
(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation

sinhx+\sechx=12ex\sinh x + \sech x = \frac{1}{2}e^x

Give the answer in the form alnba \ln b where aa is a rational number and bb is an integer.

(Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.)

(4)
(Total for Question 3 is 8 marks)
题目中文翻译

(a) 使用双曲函数关于指数的适当定义,证明

sinhx+\sechx=e4x+4e2x12e3x+2ex\sinh x + \sech x = \frac{e^{4x} + 4e^{2x} - 1}{2e^{3x}+2e^x}

(b) 由此解方程

sinhx+\sechx=12ex\sinh x + \sech x = \frac{1}{2}e^x

答案写成 alnba \ln b 的形式,其中 aa 为有理数,bb 为整数。

(不能依赖计算器技术求解。)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先把 sinhx\sinh xsechx\operatorname{sech}x 写成指数形式,再通分并展开分子。目标式只含正指数,因此最后把分子、分母同乘 e2xe^{2x};必须在得到最终式前展示括号完全展开的中间步骤。

答题过程

展开

Using

sinhx=exex2\sinh x=\frac{e^x-e^{-x}}{2}

and

\sechx=2ex+ex,\sech x=\frac{2}{e^x+e^{-x}},

Substituting these definitions and combining over a common denominator,

sinhx+\sechx=(exex)(ex+ex)+42(ex+ex)=e2xe2x+42ex+2ex.\begin{align*} \sinh x+\sech x =&\,\frac{(e^x-e^{-x})(e^x+e^{-x})+4} {2(e^x+e^{-x})}\\ =&\,\frac{e^{2x}-e^{-2x}+4} {2e^x+2e^{-x}}. \end{align*}

Multiplying the numerator and denominator by e2xe^{2x} gives

sinhx+\sechx=e4x1+4e2x2e3x+2ex=e4x+4e2x12e3x+2ex,\begin{align*} \sinh x+\sech x =&\,\frac{e^{4x}-1+4e^{2x}} {2e^{3x}+2e^x}\\ =&\,\frac{e^{4x}+4e^{2x}-1} {2e^{3x}+2e^x}, \end{align*}

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

“Hence” 要直接使用 (a) 的结果代入方程。交叉相乘后 e4xe^{4x} 会消去,只剩关于 e2xe^{2x} 的一次方程;由于指数函数恒正,解出 e2x=1/3e^{2x}=1/3 后取对数即可得到唯一实数解。

答题过程

展开

Using the result from part (a),

e4x+4e2x12e3x+2ex=12ex.\frac{e^{4x}+4e^{2x}-1}{2e^{3x}+2e^x} =\frac12e^x.

Since ex>0e^x>0, the denominator is non-zero. Cross-multiplying,

e4x+4e2x1=12ex(2e3x+2ex)=e4x+e2x.\begin{align*} e^{4x}+4e^{2x}-1 =&\,\frac12e^x(2e^{3x}+2e^x)\\ =&\,e^{4x}+e^{2x}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

3e2x=1,e2x=13.\begin{align*} 3e^{2x}=&\,1,\\ e^{2x}=&\,\frac13. \end{align*}

Taking natural logarithms,

2x=ln(13)=ln3.\begin{align*} 2x=&\,\ln\bigg(\frac13\bigg)\\ =&\,-\ln3. \end{align*}

Hence

x=12ln3.\boxed{x=-\frac12\ln3}.