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FP3 2026 Jan Q3

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

(a) Using the appropriate definitions of hyperbolic functions in terms of exponentials, show that

sinh⁡x+sech⁡x= e4x+4e2x−12e3x+2ex\begin{align*} \sinh x + \operatorname{sech} x =&\, \frac{e^{4x} + 4e^{2x} - 1}{2e^{3x}+2e^x} \end{align*}
(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation

sinh⁡x+sech⁡x= 12ex\begin{align*} \sinh x + \operatorname{sech} x =&\, \frac{1}{2}e^x \end{align*}

Give the answer in the form aln⁡ba \ln b where aa is a rational number and bb is an integer.

(Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.)

(4)
(Total for Question 3 is 8 marks)
题目中文翻译

(a) 使用双曲函数关于指数的适当定义,证明

sinh⁡x+sech⁡x= e4x+4e2x−12e3x+2ex\begin{align*} \sinh x + \operatorname{sech} x =&\, \frac{e^{4x} + 4e^{2x} - 1}{2e^{3x}+2e^x} \end{align*}
(4)

(b) 由此解方程

sinh⁡x+sech⁡x= 12ex\begin{align*} \sinh x + \operatorname{sech} x =&\, \frac{1}{2}e^x \end{align*}

答案写成 aln⁡ba \ln b 的形式,其中 aa 为有理数,bb 为整数。

(不能依赖计算器技术求解。)

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先把 sinh⁡x\sinh x 与 sech⁡x\operatorname{sech}x 写成指数形式,再通分并展开分子。目标式只含正指数,因此最后把分子、分母同乘 e2xe^{2x};必须在得到最终式前展示括号完全展开的中间步骤。

答题过程

展开

Using

sinh⁡x=ex−e−x2\sinh x=\frac{e^x-e^{-x}}{2}

and

sech⁡x=2ex+e−x,\operatorname{sech} x=\frac{2}{e^x+e^{-x}},

Substituting these definitions and combining over a common denominator,

sinh⁡x+sech⁡x= (ex−e−x)(ex+e−x)+42(ex+e−x)= e2x−e−2x+42ex+2e−x.\begin{align*} \sinh x+\operatorname{sech} x =&\,\frac{(e^x-e^{-x})(e^x+e^{-x})+4} {2(e^x+e^{-x})}\\ =&\,\frac{e^{2x}-e^{-2x}+4} {2e^x+2e^{-x}}. \end{align*}

Multiplying the numerator and denominator by e2xe^{2x} gives

sinh⁡x+sech⁡x= e4x−1+4e2x2e3x+2ex= e4x+4e2x−12e3x+2ex,\begin{align*} \sinh x+\operatorname{sech} x =&\,\frac{e^{4x}-1+4e^{2x}} {2e^{3x}+2e^x}\\ =&\,\frac{e^{4x}+4e^{2x}-1} {2e^{3x}+2e^x}, \end{align*}

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

“Hence” 要直接使用 (a) 的结果代入方程。交叉相乘后 e4xe^{4x} 会消去,只剩关于 e2xe^{2x} 的一次方程;由于指数函数恒正,解出 e2x=1/3e^{2x}=1/3 后取对数即可得到唯一实数解。

答题过程

展开

Using the result from part (a),

e4x+4e2x−12e3x+2ex=12ex.\frac{e^{4x}+4e^{2x}-1}{2e^{3x}+2e^x} =\frac12e^x.

Since ex>0e^x>0, the denominator is non-zero. Cross-multiplying,

e4x+4e2x−1= 12ex(2e3x+2ex)= e4x+e2x.\begin{align*} e^{4x}+4e^{2x}-1 =&\,\frac12e^x(2e^{3x}+2e^x)\\ =&\,e^{4x}+e^{2x}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

3e2x= 1,e2x= 13.\begin{align*} 3e^{2x}=&\,1,\\ e^{2x}=&\,\frac13. \end{align*}

Taking natural logarithms,

2x= ln⁡(13)= −ln⁡3.\begin{align*} 2x=&\,\ln\bigg(\frac13\bigg)\\ =&\,-\ln3. \end{align*}

Hence

x=−12ln⁡3.\boxed{x=-\frac12\ln3}.