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M1 2019 Jan Q2

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2019 Jan Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

2.

[In this question i\mathbf{i} and j\mathbf{j} are horizontal unit vectors due east and due north respectively and position vectors are given relative to a fixed origin OO.]

At time t=0t=0, a bird AA leaves its nest, that is located at the point with position vector (20i−17j) m(20\mathbf{i}-17\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m}, and flies with constant velocity (−6i+7j) m s−1(-6\mathbf{i}+7\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. At the same time a second bird BB leaves its nest which is located at the point with position vector (−8i+9j) m(-8\mathbf{i}+9\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m} and flies with constant velocity (pi+2pj) m s−1(p\mathbf{i}+2p\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}, where pp is a constant. At time t=4 st=4\,\mathrm{s}, bird BB is south west of bird AA.

(a) Find the direction of motion of AA, giving your answer as a bearing to the nearest degree.

(3)

(b) Find the speed of BB.

(10)
题目中文翻译

[本题中,i\mathbf{i} 和 j\mathbf{j} 分别为水平向正东和正北的单位向量,位置向量均相对于固定原点 OO 给出。]

在 t=0t=0 时,小鸟 AA 从位置向量为 (20i−17j) m(20\mathbf{i}-17\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m} 的鸟巢出发,以恒定速度 (−6i+7j) m s−1(-6\mathbf{i}+7\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 飞行。同时,另一只小鸟 BB 从位置向量为 (−8i+9j) m(-8\mathbf{i}+9\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m} 的鸟巢出发,以恒定速度 (pi+2pj) m s−1(p\mathbf{i}+2p\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 飞行,其中 pp 为常数。在 t=4 st=4\,\mathrm{s} 时,BB 位于 AA 的西南方向。

(a) 求 AA 的运动方向,以方位角表示,精确到最接近的整数度。

(3)

(b) 求 BB 的速率。

(10)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

速度的东西、南北分量决定方向,不需要用鸟巢的位置。AA 向西北飞,先算北偏西的角,再转换成从正北顺时针量的方位角。

答题过程

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The velocity −6i+7j-6\mathbf{i}+7\mathbf{j} is directed north-west. Let θ\theta be the angle west of north. Then

tan⁡θ=67,θ=40.601…∘.\tan\theta=\frac67,\qquad \theta=40.601\ldots^\circ.

The bearing is therefore

360∘−40.601…∘=319.398…∘,360^\circ-40.601\ldots^\circ=319.398\ldots^\circ,

so the required bearing, to the nearest degree, is 319∘\boxed{319^\circ}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先分别求 t=4t=4 时的位置,再作“BB 的位置减 AA 的位置”。西南方向要求两个分量相等且均为负;求出参数后还要检查方向,最后取速度向量的模。

答题过程

展开

Using r=r0+tv\mathbf{r}=\mathbf{r}_0+t\mathbf{v}, at t=4t=4,

rA= (20−24)i+(−17+28)j= −4i+11j,rB= (−8+4p)i+(9+8p)j.\begin{align*} \mathbf{r}_A=&\,(20-24)\mathbf{i}+(-17+28)\mathbf{j}\\[4mm] =&\,-4\mathbf{i}+11\mathbf{j},\\[4mm] \mathbf{r}_B=&\,(-8+4p)\mathbf{i}+(9+8p)\mathbf{j}. \end{align*}

The displacement from AA to BB is

rB−rA=(−4+4p)i+(−2+8p)j.\mathbf{r}_B-\mathbf{r}_A=(-4+4p)\mathbf{i}+(-2+8p)\mathbf{j}.

For BB to be south-west of AA, these components must be equal and negative. Thus

−4+4p=−2+8p⟹−2=4p⟹p=−12.-4+4p=-2+8p \quad\Longrightarrow\quad -2=4p \quad\Longrightarrow\quad p=-\frac12.

Substitution gives rB−rA=−6i−6j\mathbf{r}_B-\mathbf{r}_A=-6\mathbf{i}-6\mathbf{j}, confirming the south-west direction.

Hence

vB=−12i−jm s−1,\mathbf{v}_B=-\frac12\mathbf{i}-\mathbf{j}\quad\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}},

and its speed is

∣vB∣=(−12)2+(−1)2=52 m s−1.|\mathbf{v}_B|=\sqrt{\big(-\tfrac12\big)^2+(-1)^2} =\boxed{\frac{\sqrt5}{2}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.