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M1 2019 Jan Q3

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2019 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

A lift of mass M kgM\,\mathrm{kg} is being raised by a vertical cable attached to the top of the lift. A person of mass m kgm\,\mathrm{kg} stands on the floor inside the lift, as shown in Figure 1. The lift ascends vertically with constant acceleration 1.4 m s−21.4\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}. The tension in the cable is 2800 N2800\,\mathrm{N} and the person experiences a constant normal reaction of magnitude 560 N560\,\mathrm{N} from the floor of the lift. The cable is modelled as being light and inextensible, the person is modelled as a particle and air resistance is negligible.

(a) Write down an equation of motion for the person only.

(2)

(b) Write down an equation of motion for the lift only.

(2)

(c) Hence, or otherwise, find

(i) the value of mm,

(ii) the value of MM.

(3)
题目中文翻译

如图 1 所示,一部质量为 M kgM\,\mathrm{kg} 的电梯由连接在其顶部的竖直缆绳向上提升。一名质量为 m kgm\,\mathrm{kg} 的人站在电梯内的地板上。电梯以恒定加速度 1.4 m s−21.4\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}} 竖直上升。缆绳中的张力为 2800 N2800\,\mathrm{N},电梯地板对人的恒定支持力大小为 560 N560\,\mathrm{N}。将缆绳视为轻且不可伸长的绳,将人视为质点,空气阻力可忽略。

(a) 仅针对人,写出一个运动方程。

(2)

(b) 仅针对电梯,写出一个运动方程。

(2)

(c) 由此或用其他方法,求

(i) mm 的值,

(ii) MM 的值。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

只研究人:向上是地板的支持力,向下是人的重力。向上加速,所以合力不为零。

答题过程

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Taking upwards as positive, Newton’s second law for the person gives

560−mg=1.4m.\boxed{560-mg=1.4m}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

只研究电梯:人对地板有向下的 560 N560\,\mathrm{N} 作用力,大小与地板对人的支持力相同。右边只能用电梯自身的质量 MM。

答题过程

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The person exerts a downward force of 560 N560\,\mathrm{N} on the lift. Taking upwards as positive, the equation of motion for the lift alone is

2800−Mg−560=1.4M.\boxed{2800-Mg-560=1.4M}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a)、(b) 的方程,代入 g=9.8g=9.8 后分别解出两质量。

答题过程

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(i) From (a), using g=9.8 m s−2g=9.8\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}},

560=(9.8+1.4)m=11.2m,m=50.560=(9.8+1.4)m=11.2m, \qquad \boxed{m=50}.

(ii) From (b),

2800−560=(9.8+1.4)M,2240=11.2M,M=200.2800-560=(9.8+1.4)M, \qquad 2240=11.2M, \qquad \boxed{M=200}.

Thus the masses of the person and lift are 50 kg50\,\mathrm{kg} and 200 kg200\,\mathrm{kg} respectively.

解法二

思路

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把人和电梯看成整体时,人与地板之间的作用力成为内力而抵消。整体方程可以核查总质量,但仍须分别写出 (a)、(b) 要求的方程。

答题过程

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For the person and lift together, taking upwards as positive,

2800−(M+m)g=1.4(M+m).2800-(M+m)g=1.4(M+m).

Hence

M+m=28009.8+1.4=250.M+m=\frac{2800}{9.8+1.4}=250.

From (a), m=560/11.2=50m=560/11.2=50, so

m=50,M=250−50=200.\boxed{m=50},\qquad \boxed{M=250-50=200}.