A small metal box of mass 6kg is attached at B to two ropes BP and BQ. The fixed points P and Q are on a horizontal ceiling and PQ=3.5m. The box hangs in equilibrium at a vertical distance of 2m below the line PQ, with the ropes in a vertical plane and with angle BQP=45∘, as shown in Figure 3. The box is modelled as a particle and the ropes are modelled as light inextensible strings. Find
(i) the tension in BP,
(ii) the tension in BQ.
(10)
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 6kg 的小金属箱在 B 点连接到两根绳 BP 和 BQ。固定点 P、Q 位于水平天花板上,且 PQ=3.5m。如图 3 所示,箱子悬挂在直线 PQ 下方竖直距离为 2m 的位置并保持平衡,两根绳位于同一竖直平面内,且 ∠BQP=45∘。将箱子视为质点,将两根绳视为轻且不可伸长的细绳。求
(i) BP 中的张力,
(ii) BQ 中的张力。
(10)
解答
(i)
解法一
思路
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先由直角三角形确定绳的方向,再水平、竖直分解两张力。两根绳独立连接到箱子,不能假设张力相等。
答题过程
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Let C be the foot of the perpendicular from B to PQ, and let α be the angle between BP and the upward vertical. Since ∠BQC=45∘,
CQ=tan45∘2=2,PC=3.5−2=1.5.
Thus
BP=1.52+22=2.5,sinα=53,cosα=54.
Let the tensions in BP and BQ be TP and TQ. Resolving horizontally and vertically gives
53TP=54TP+TQsin45∘=TQcos45∘,6g.
Since sin45∘=cos45∘, substitute the first equation into the second: