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M1 2019 Jan Q5

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2019 Jan Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

5.

A small metal box of mass 6 kg6\,\mathrm{kg} is attached at BB to two ropes BPBP and BQBQ. The fixed points PP and QQ are on a horizontal ceiling and PQ=3.5 mPQ=3.5\,\mathrm{m}. The box hangs in equilibrium at a vertical distance of 2 m2\,\mathrm{m} below the line PQPQ, with the ropes in a vertical plane and with angle BQP=45∘BQP=45^\circ, as shown in Figure 3. The box is modelled as a particle and the ropes are modelled as light inextensible strings. Find

(i) the tension in BPBP,

(ii) the tension in BQBQ.

(10)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 6 kg6\,\mathrm{kg} 的小金属箱在 BB 点连接到两根绳 BPBP 和 BQBQ。固定点 PP、QQ 位于水平天花板上,且 PQ=3.5 mPQ=3.5\,\mathrm{m}。如图 3 所示,箱子悬挂在直线 PQPQ 下方竖直距离为 2 m2\,\mathrm{m} 的位置并保持平衡,两根绳位于同一竖直平面内,且 ∠BQP=45∘\angle BQP=45^\circ。将箱子视为质点,将两根绳视为轻且不可伸长的细绳。求

(i) BPBP 中的张力,

(ii) BQBQ 中的张力。

(10)

解答

(i)

解法一

思路

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先由直角三角形确定绳的方向,再水平、竖直分解两张力。两根绳独立连接到箱子,不能假设张力相等。

答题过程

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Let CC be the foot of the perpendicular from BB to PQPQ, and let α\alpha be the angle between BPBP and the upward vertical. Since ∠BQC=45∘\angle BQC=45^\circ,

CQ=2tan⁡45∘=2,PC=3.5−2=1.5.CQ=\frac{2}{\tan45^\circ}=2, \qquad PC=3.5-2=1.5.

Thus

BP=1.52+22=2.5,sin⁡α=35,cos⁡α=45.BP=\sqrt{1.5^2+2^2}=2.5, \qquad \sin\alpha=\frac35, \qquad \cos\alpha=\frac45.

Let the tensions in BPBP and BQBQ be TPT_P and TQT_Q. Resolving horizontally and vertically gives

35TP= TQcos⁡45∘,45TP+TQsin⁡45∘= 6g.\begin{align*} \frac35T_P=&\,T_Q\cos45^\circ,\\[4mm] \frac45T_P+T_Q\sin45^\circ=&\,6g. \end{align*}

Since sin⁡45∘=cos⁡45∘\sin45^\circ=\cos45^\circ, substitute the first equation into the second:

45TP+35TP=6g,75TP=6g.\frac45T_P+\frac35T_P=6g, \qquad \frac75T_P=6g.

Hence

TP=30g7=42.0 N.\boxed{T_P=\frac{30g}{7}=42.0\,\mathrm{N}}.

解法二

思路

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三力平衡还可以用拉密定理。先明确三力之间的夹角,再让每个力对应另外两力的夹角正弦。几何数据沿用解法一。

答题过程

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As in method 1, sin⁡α=3/5\sin\alpha=3/5 and cos⁡α=4/5\cos\alpha=4/5, where α\alpha is the angle between BPBP and the upward vertical.

The angle between the tensions is α+45∘\alpha+45^\circ, and the angle between TQT_Q and the weight is 135∘135^\circ. By Lami’s theorem,

TPsin⁡135∘=6gsin⁡(α+45∘).\frac{T_P}{\sin135^\circ} =\frac{6g}{\sin(\alpha+45^\circ)}.

Now

sin⁡(α+45∘)=3522+4522=7210.\sin(\alpha+45^\circ) =\frac35\frac{\sqrt2}{2}+\frac45\frac{\sqrt2}{2} =\frac{7\sqrt2}{10}.

Therefore

TP=6g(2/2)72/10=30g7=42.0 N.T_P=\frac{6g(\sqrt2/2)}{7\sqrt2/10} =\frac{30g}{7}=\boxed{42.0\,\mathrm{N}}.

(ii)

解法一

思路

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用 (i) 已求出的张力代回水平平衡方程,保留根式到最后。

答题过程

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From horizontal equilibrium in (i),

TQcos⁡45∘=35TP=35(42)=25.2.T_Q\cos45^\circ=\frac35T_P=\frac35(42)=25.2.

Hence

TQ=25.2cos⁡45∘=25.22=35.6 N(3 s.f.).T_Q=\frac{25.2}{\cos45^\circ} =25.2\sqrt2 =\boxed{35.6\,\mathrm{N}}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.

解法二

思路

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若沿用拉密定理,TQT_Q 应对应 TPT_P 与重力之间的夹角 180∘−α180^\circ-\alpha。

答题过程

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Using the notation and geometry in (i), Lami’s theorem gives

TQsin⁡(180∘−α)=6gsin⁡(α+45∘).\frac{T_Q}{\sin(180^\circ-\alpha)} =\frac{6g}{\sin(\alpha+45^\circ)}.

Since sin⁡(180∘−α)=3/5\sin(180^\circ-\alpha)=3/5,

TQ=6g(3/5)72/10=182 g7=35.6 N(3 s.f.).T_Q=\frac{6g(3/5)}{7\sqrt2/10} =\frac{18\sqrt2\,g}{7} =\boxed{35.6\,\mathrm{N}}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.