题目
1.
Two particles, and , have masses and respectively. They are moving in a straight line in opposite directions towards each other on a smooth horizontal plane and collide directly. The speeds of and immediately before the collision are and respectively. As a result of the collision, the speed of is halved and its direction of motion is reversed.
(a) Find the speed of immediately after the collision.
(b) Find the magnitude of the impulse exerted on by in the collision.
题目中文翻译
两个质点 和 的质量分别为 和 。它们在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。碰撞前一瞬间, 和 的速率分别为 和 。碰撞后, 的速率减半,且运动方向反转。
(a) 求碰撞后瞬间 的速率。
(b) 求碰撞过程中 对 施加的冲量的大小。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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碰撞前两球方向相反。以 原来的方向为正,碰撞后 的速度为 ;先求 的带符号速度,再判断方向与速率。
答题过程
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Take the original direction of as positive, and let the velocity of after impact be . Conservation of momentum gives
Thus , so the speed of is , in the original direction of .
(b)
解法一
思路
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用 的末动量减初动量。由于速度反向,动量变化的大小涉及两个速率之和。
答题过程
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Using the positive direction from (a), the impulse on is
Hence the required magnitude is .
解法二
思路
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也可以从 的动量变化求冲量,然后利用相互作用冲量等大反向。
答题过程
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The impulse on is
The impulse exerted on by is opposite to this, so its magnitude is .