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M1 2019 June Q3

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2019 June Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

A beam ABAB has mass 100 kg100\,\mathrm{kg} and length 8 m8\,\mathrm{m}. The beam is held in equilibrium in a horizontal position by two vertical ropes attached to the beam at CC and DD, where AC=0.5 mAC=0.5\,\mathrm{m} and BD=0.5 mBD=0.5\,\mathrm{m}. A gymnast of mass M kgM\,\mathrm{kg} stands on the beam at the point PP, where AP=2 mAP=2\,\mathrm{m}, as shown in Figure 2. The beam remains horizontal and in equilibrium. The tension in the rope attached to the beam at DD is 637 N637\,\mathrm{N}. The gymnast is modelled as a particle, the beam as a uniform rod and the ropes as light inextensible strings.

(a) Find

(i) the value of MM,

(ii) the tension in the rope attached to the beam at CC.

(6)

(b) State how you have used the fact that the beam is modelled as a rod.

(1)

The gymnast at PP now gets off the beam and is replaced by two gymnasts. One gymnast, of mass 60 kg60\,\mathrm{kg}, stands on the beam at PP and the other gymnast, of mass 48 kg48\,\mathrm{kg}, stands on the beam at XX, where AX=xAX=x metres. The beam remains horizontal and in equilibrium but the tensions in the two ropes are now equal. The two gymnasts are modelled as particles.

(c) Find the value of xx.

(6)
题目中文翻译

一根横梁 ABAB 的质量为 100 kg100\,\mathrm{kg},长 8 m8\,\mathrm{m}。两根竖直绳分别连接在梁上的 CC、DD 两点,使梁水平平衡,其中 AC=0.5 mAC=0.5\,\mathrm{m},BD=0.5 mBD=0.5\,\mathrm{m}。如图 2 所示,一名质量为 M kgM\,\mathrm{kg} 的体操运动员站在梁上的 PP 点,其中 AP=2 mAP=2\,\mathrm{m}。横梁保持水平且处于平衡状态。连接在 DD 点的绳中张力为 637 N637\,\mathrm{N}。将运动员视为质点,将横梁视为均匀杆,将两根绳视为轻且不可伸长的细绳。

(a) 求

(i) MM 的值,

(ii) 连接在 CC 点的绳中的张力。

(6)

(b) 说明如何使用了“将横梁视为杆”这一假设。

(1)

现在,PP 点的运动员离开横梁,换成两名运动员。其中一名质量为 60 kg60\,\mathrm{kg},站在 PP 点;另一名质量为 48 kg48\,\mathrm{kg},站在 XX 点,其中 AX=xAX=x 米。横梁仍保持水平且处于平衡状态,但此时两根绳中的张力相等。将两名运动员视为质点。

(c) 求 xx 的值。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

关于 CC 取矩可消去该处张力。梁是均匀的,所以重力作用在距 AA 为 44 米的中点;再用竖直平衡求另一张力。

答题过程

展开

(i) Let the tension at CC be TT. The beam’s weight acts at its midpoint, 4 m4\,\mathrm{m} from AA. The distances from CC are CP=1.5CP=1.5, CG=3.5CG=3.5 and CD=7CD=7 metres.

Taking moments about CC,

Mg(1.5)+100g(3.5)=637(7).Mg(1.5)+100g(3.5)=637(7).

With g=9.8g=9.8,

14.7M+3430=4459,14.7M=1029,M=70.14.7M+3430=4459, \qquad 14.7M=1029, \qquad \boxed{M=70}.

(ii) Vertical equilibrium gives

T+637=(70+100)g,T=1666−637=1029 N.T+637=(70+100)g, \qquad T=1666-637=1029\,\mathrm{N}.

To 3 significant figures, the tension at CC is 1.03×103 N\boxed{1.03\times10^3\,\mathrm{N}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

“杆”描述刚性,“均匀”才说明质量分布。这里要回答杆模型在平衡计算中的作用。

答题过程

展开

The beam is assumed to remain straight and not bend under the loads.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

两张力现在相等,但不能沿用 (a) 的张力。先重新用竖直平衡求共同张力,再关于 CC 取矩确定第二名运动员的位置。

答题过程

展开

Let each new tension be SS. Vertical equilibrium gives

2S=(60+100+48)g,S=104g.2S=(60+100+48)g, \qquad S=104g.

Taking moments about CC,

60g(1.5)+100g(3.5)+48g(x−0.5)=7S.60g(1.5)+100g(3.5)+48g(x-0.5)=7S.

Substituting S=104gS=104g and cancelling gg,

90+350+48x−24= 728,48x= 312,x= 6.5.\begin{align*} 90+350+48x-24=&\,728,\\[4mm] 48x=&\,312,\\[4mm] x=&\,\boxed{6.5}. \end{align*}

Thus XX is 6.5 m6.5\,\mathrm{m} from AA, which lies on the beam.