题目
5.
A non-uniform beam, , has length and mass . The beam is suspended in a horizontal position by two vertical ropes. One rope is attached to the beam at . The other rope is attached to the beam at , where , as shown in Figure 2. The distance of the centre of mass of the beam from is . The beam is modelled as a non-uniform rod and the ropes are modelled as light inextensible strings.
A particle of mass is now placed on the beam at and the beam remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position.
(a) Find the largest possible value of .
The particle at is now removed and a particle of mass is now placed on the beam at the point , where metres. The beam remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position.
Given that the tension in the rope attached to the beam at is now twice the tension in the rope attached to the beam at ,
(b) find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一根非均匀横梁 长 ,质量为 。两根竖直绳将横梁水平悬挂。一根绳连接在 点,另一根连接在 点,其中 ,如图 2 所示。横梁质心到 的距离为 。将横梁视为非均匀杆,将两根绳视为轻且不可伸长的细绳。
现将一个质量为 的质点放在梁上的 点,横梁仍保持水平平衡。
(a) 求 的最大可能值。
现在移去 点的质点,并将一个质量为 的质点放在梁上的 点,其中 米。横梁仍保持水平平衡。
已知连接在 点的绳中张力现为连接在 点的绳中张力的两倍,
(b) 求 的值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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当右端负载增加时, 端绳的张力减小。最大负载出现在 端张力刚降至零时,因为绳不能施加向下的压力。
答题过程
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Let the tension at be . At the largest possible load, and the beam is on the point of turning about .
Since , the beam’s centre of mass is to the left of . Taking moments about ,
Thus
The maximum mass is .
解法二
思路
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也可以用竖直平衡和关于 的力矩方程联立,仍须明确最大值条件为 端张力等于零。
答题过程
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At the limiting load, . If the tension at is , vertical equilibrium and moments about give
Substituting and cancelling ,
(b)
解法一
思路
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换负载后重新求张力。利用两张力为一比二及竖直平衡得到张力,再关于 取矩求位置。非均匀梁的重力仍作用在题目给定的质心。
答题过程
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Let the tension at now be , so the tension at is . Vertical equilibrium gives
Taking moments about ,
Substituting and cancelling ,
Thus is from .