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M1 2019 Oct Q5

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2019 Oct Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

5.

A non-uniform beam, ABAB, has length 5 m5\,\mathrm{m} and mass 12 kg12\,\mathrm{kg}. The beam is suspended in a horizontal position by two vertical ropes. One rope is attached to the beam at AA. The other rope is attached to the beam at CC, where CB=1.5 mCB=1.5\,\mathrm{m}, as shown in Figure 2. The distance of the centre of mass of the beam from AA is 1.75 m1.75\,\mathrm{m}. The beam is modelled as a non-uniform rod and the ropes are modelled as light inextensible strings.

A particle of mass M kgM\,\mathrm{kg} is now placed on the beam at BB and the beam remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position.

(a) Find the largest possible value of MM.

(3)

The particle at BB is now removed and a particle of mass 15 kg15\,\mathrm{kg} is now placed on the beam at the point DD, where AD=xAD=x metres. The beam remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position.

Given that the tension in the rope attached to the beam at CC is now twice the tension in the rope attached to the beam at AA,

(b) find the value of xx.

(5)
题目中文翻译

一根非均匀横梁 ABAB 长 5 m5\,\mathrm{m},质量为 12 kg12\,\mathrm{kg}。两根竖直绳将横梁水平悬挂。一根绳连接在 AA 点,另一根连接在 CC 点,其中 CB=1.5 mCB=1.5\,\mathrm{m},如图 2 所示。横梁质心到 AA 的距离为 1.75 m1.75\,\mathrm{m}。将横梁视为非均匀杆,将两根绳视为轻且不可伸长的细绳。

现将一个质量为 M kgM\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点放在梁上的 BB 点,横梁仍保持水平平衡。

(a) 求 MM 的最大可能值。

(3)

现在移去 BB 点的质点,并将一个质量为 15 kg15\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点放在梁上的 DD 点,其中 AD=xAD=x 米。横梁仍保持水平平衡。

已知连接在 CC 点的绳中张力现为连接在 AA 点的绳中张力的两倍,

(b) 求 xx 的值。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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当右端负载增加时,AA 端绳的张力减小。最大负载出现在 AA 端张力刚降至零时,因为绳不能施加向下的压力。

答题过程

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Let the tension at AA be TAT_A. At the largest possible load, TA=0T_A=0 and the beam is on the point of turning about CC.

Since AC=5−1.5=3.5 mAC=5-1.5=3.5\,\mathrm{m}, the beam’s centre of mass is 3.5−1.75=1.75 m3.5-1.75=1.75\,\mathrm{m} to the left of CC. Taking moments about CC,

Mg(1.5)=12g(1.75).Mg(1.5)=12g(1.75).

Thus

1.5M=21,Mmax⁡=14.1.5M=21, \qquad \boxed{M_{\max}=14}.

The maximum mass is 14 kg14\,\mathrm{kg}.

解法二

思路

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也可以用竖直平衡和关于 AA 的力矩方程联立,仍须明确最大值条件为 AA 端张力等于零。

答题过程

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At the limiting load, TA=0T_A=0. If the tension at CC is TCT_C, vertical equilibrium and moments about AA give

TC=(12+M)g,T_C=(12+M)g, 3.5TC=12g(1.75)+Mg(5).3.5T_C=12g(1.75)+Mg(5).

Substituting and cancelling gg,

3.5(12+M)=21+5M,21=1.5M,Mmax⁡=14.3.5(12+M)=21+5M, \qquad 21=1.5M, \qquad \boxed{M_{\max}=14}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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换负载后重新求张力。利用两张力为一比二及竖直平衡得到张力,再关于 AA 取矩求位置。非均匀梁的重力仍作用在题目给定的质心。

答题过程

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Let the tension at AA now be TT, so the tension at CC is 2T2T. Vertical equilibrium gives

T+2T=(12+15)g,T=9g.T+2T=(12+15)g, \qquad T=9g.

Taking moments about AA,

(2T)(3.5)=12g(1.75)+15gx.(2T)(3.5)=12g(1.75)+15gx.

Substituting T=9gT=9g and cancelling gg,

63=21+15x,15x=42,x=2.8.63=21+15x, \qquad 15x=42, \qquad \boxed{x=2.8}.

Thus DD is 2.8 m2.8\,\mathrm{m} from AA.