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M1 2019 Oct Q8

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2019 Oct Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

8.

[In this question, the horizontal unit vectors i\mathbf{i} and j\mathbf{j} are directed due east and due north respectively and position vectors are given relative to a fixed origin OO.]

Two speedboats, AA and BB, are each moving with constant velocity. The velocity of AA is 20 km h−120\,\mathrm{km\,h^{-1}} due west and the velocity of BB is 40 km h−140\,\mathrm{km\,h^{-1}} on a bearing of 150∘150^\circ. The boats are modelled as particles.

At noon, the position vector of AA is 60i km60\mathbf{i}\,\mathrm{km} and BB is at the origin OO. At time tt hours after noon, the position vector of AA is r km\mathbf{r}\,\mathrm{km} and the position vector of BB is s km\mathbf{s}\,\mathrm{km}.

(a) Find the velocity of BB in the form (pi+qj) km h−1(p\mathbf{i}+q\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{km\,h^{-1}}.

(3)

(b) Find expressions for r\mathbf{r} and s\mathbf{s} in terms of tt, i\mathbf{i} and j\mathbf{j}.

(3)

(c) Find the time, to the nearest minute, at which the distance between the boats is the same as it was at noon.

(8)
题目中文翻译

[本题中,水平单位向量 i\mathbf{i} 和 j\mathbf{j} 分别指向正东和正北,位置向量均相对于固定原点 OO 给出。]

两艘快艇 AA 和 BB 均以恒定速度航行。AA 以 20 km h−120\,\mathrm{km\,h^{-1}} 的速率向正西航行;BB 以 40 km h−140\,\mathrm{km\,h^{-1}} 的速率,沿方位角为 150∘150^\circ 的方向航行。将两艘快艇视为质点。

正午时,AA 的位置向量为 60i km60\mathbf{i}\,\mathrm{km},BB 位于原点 OO。正午后 tt 小时,AA 的位置向量为 r km\mathbf{r}\,\mathrm{km},BB 的位置向量为 s km\mathbf{s}\,\mathrm{km}。

(a) 将 BB 的速度写成 (pi+qj) km h−1(p\mathbf{i}+q\mathbf{j})\,\mathrm{km\,h^{-1}} 的形式。

(3)

(b) 用 tt、i\mathbf{i} 和 j\mathbf{j} 表示 r\mathbf{r} 和 s\mathbf{s}。

(3)

(c) 求两艇之间的距离再次与正午时相同时的时刻,精确到最接近的分钟。

(8)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

方位角 150∘150^\circ 指向东南,故东分量为正、北分量为负。方位角从北量起,所以东分量用正弦,北分量用余弦。

答题过程

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Resolving the velocity of BB east and north,

vB= 40sin⁡150∘ i+40cos⁡150∘ j= 20i−203 jkm h−1.\begin{align*} \mathbf{v}_B=&\,40\sin150^\circ\,\mathbf{i} +40\cos150^\circ\,\mathbf{j}\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{20\mathbf{i}-20\sqrt3\,\mathbf{j}} \quad\mathrm{km\,h^{-1}}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

用初始位置加上速度乘时间。AA 向西,所以它的东坐标随时间减小;BB 从原点出发。

答题过程

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For AA, the velocity is −20i km h−1-20\mathbf{i}\,\mathrm{km\,h^{-1}}, so

r=(60−20t)i.\boxed{\mathbf{r}=(60-20t)\mathbf{i}}.

For BB, using (a),

s=20ti−203 tj.\boxed{\mathbf{s}=20t\mathbf{i}-20\sqrt3\,t\mathbf{j}}.

Both position vectors are in kilometres.

(c)

解法一

思路

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正午距离是 6060 公里。作相对位置向量并令其模为 6060;二次方程包含原本的 t=0t=0,所求是另一个正根。最后把小时转换成时刻。

答题过程

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At noon the separation is 60 km60\,\mathrm{km}. From (b),

s−r=(40t−60)i−203 tj.\mathbf{s}-\mathbf{r}=(40t-60)\mathbf{i}-20\sqrt3\,t\mathbf{j}.

Requiring the same distance gives

(40t−60)2+(−203 t)2=602.(40t-60)^2+(-20\sqrt3\,t)^2=60^2.

Expanding and simplifying,

1600t2−4800t+3600+1200t2= 3600,2800t2−4800t= 0,400t(7t−12)= 0.\begin{align*} 1600t^2-4800t+3600+1200t^2=&\,3600,\\[4mm] 2800t^2-4800t=&\,0,\\[4mm] 400t(7t-12)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus t=0t=0 or t=12/7t=12/7. The first root is noon itself, so the required later time is 12/712/7 hours after noon.

127×60=102.857… minutes.\frac{12}{7}\times60=102.857\ldots\text{ minutes}.

This is 11 hour 4343 minutes to the nearest minute, giving 13:43\boxed{13{:}43} (1:43 pm).