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M1 2020 Jan Q3

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2020 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

A particle, PP, is projected vertically upwards with speed UU from a fixed point OO. At the instant when PP reaches its greatest height HH above OO, a second particle, QQ, is projected with speed 12U\frac{1}{2}U vertically upwards from OO.

(a) Find HH in terms of UU and gg.

(2)

(b) Find, in terms of UU and gg, the time between the instant when QQ is projected and the instant when the two particles collide.

(6)

(c) Find where the two particles collide.

(3)
题目中文翻译

一个质点 PP 从固定点 OO 以速率 UU 竖直向上抛出。当 PP 到达 OO 上方的最大高度 HH 的瞬间,将第二个质点 QQ 从 OO 点以速率 12U\frac{1}{2}U 竖直向上抛出。

(a) 用 UU 和 gg 表示 HH。

(2)

(b) 用 UU 和 gg 表示从 QQ 被抛出的瞬间到两个质点碰撞的瞬间所经过的时间。

(6)

(c) 求两个质点碰撞的位置。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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最高点的瞬时速度为零,用不含时间的匀加速公式求高度。

答题过程

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Take upwards as positive. At the greatest height, the velocity of PP is zero. Using v2=u2+2asv^2=u^2+2as,

0=U2−2gH,H=U22g.0=U^2-2gH, \qquad \boxed{H=\frac{U^2}{2g}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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把 QQ 抛出的时刻定为新的零时刻。此时 PP 从最高点由静止下落,QQ 从 OO 向上运动;两者相对 OO 的位置相等时碰撞。

答题过程

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Let tt be the time after QQ is projected, and measure heights upwards from OO. At this instant PP is at height HH with zero velocity, while QQ starts with velocity U/2U/2.

Their heights after time tt are

yP=H−12gt2,yQ=12Ut−12gt2.y_P=H-\frac12gt^2, \qquad y_Q=\frac12Ut-\frac12gt^2.

At collision, yP=yQy_P=y_Q, so

H=12Ut.H=\frac12Ut.

Using (a),

U22g=12Ut,t=Ug.\frac{U^2}{2g}=\frac12Ut, \qquad \boxed{t=\frac Ug}.

This is the time between the projection of QQ and the collision.

(c)

解法一

思路

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将 (b) 的时间代回高度方程。两个质点始终在经过 OO 的同一竖直线上,高度为零就意味着碰撞点正是 OO。

答题过程

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Substitute t=U/gt=U/g into the height of QQ:

yQ= 12UUg−12g(Ug)2= U22g−U22g=0.\begin{align*} y_Q=&\,\frac12U\frac Ug-\frac12g\big(\tfrac Ug\big)^2\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{U^2}{2g}-\frac{U^2}{2g}=0. \end{align*}

Both particles move on the same vertical line through OO, so they collide at O\boxed{\text{at }O}.