题目
3.
A particle, , is projected vertically upwards with speed from a fixed point . At the instant when reaches its greatest height above , a second particle, , is projected with speed vertically upwards from .
(a) Find in terms of and .
(b) Find, in terms of and , the time between the instant when is projected and the instant when the two particles collide.
(c) Find where the two particles collide.
题目中文翻译
一个质点 从固定点 以速率 竖直向上抛出。当 到达 上方的最大高度 的瞬间,将第二个质点 从 点以速率 竖直向上抛出。
(a) 用 和 表示 。
(b) 用 和 表示从 被抛出的瞬间到两个质点碰撞的瞬间所经过的时间。
(c) 求两个质点碰撞的位置。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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最高点的瞬时速度为零,用不含时间的匀加速公式求高度。
答题过程
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Take upwards as positive. At the greatest height, the velocity of is zero. Using ,
(b)
解法一
思路
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把 抛出的时刻定为新的零时刻。此时 从最高点由静止下落, 从 向上运动;两者相对 的位置相等时碰撞。
答题过程
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Let be the time after is projected, and measure heights upwards from . At this instant is at height with zero velocity, while starts with velocity .
Their heights after time are
At collision, , so
Using (a),
This is the time between the projection of and the collision.
(c)
解法一
思路
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将 (b) 的时间代回高度方程。两个质点始终在经过 的同一竖直线上,高度为零就意味着碰撞点正是 。
答题过程
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Substitute into the height of :
Both particles move on the same vertical line through , so they collide .