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M1 2020 Jan Q4

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2020 Jan Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4.

Two identical small rings, AA and BB, each of mass mm, are threaded onto a rough horizontal wire. The rings are connected by a light inextensible string. A particle CC of mass 3m3m is attached to the midpoint of the string. The particle CC hangs in equilibrium below the wire with angle BAC=βBAC=\beta, as shown in Figure 2.

The tension in each of the parts, ACAC and BCBC, of the string is TT.

(a) By considering particle CC, find TT in terms of mm, gg and β\beta.

(2)

(b) Find, in terms of mm and gg, the magnitude of the normal reaction between the wire and AA.

(3)

The coefficient of friction between each ring and the wire is 45\frac{4}{5}.

The two rings, AA and BB, are on the point of sliding along the wire towards each other.

(c) Find the value of tan⁡β\tan\beta.

(5)
题目中文翻译

两个完全相同的小环 AA 和 BB,质量均为 mm,套在一根粗糙水平金属丝上。两环由一根轻且不可伸长的细绳连接。一个质量为 3m3m 的质点 CC 连接在细绳中点。如图 2 所示,质点 CC 悬挂在金属丝下方并保持平衡,且 ∠BAC=β\angle BAC=\beta。

细绳的 ACAC 段和 BCBC 段中的张力均为 TT。

(a) 考虑质点 CC,用 mm、gg 和 β\beta 表示 TT。

(2)

(b) 用 mm 和 gg 表示金属丝与 AA 之间法向反作用力的大小。

(3)

每个小环与金属丝之间的摩擦系数均为 45\frac{4}{5}。

两个小环 AA、BB 恰好要沿金属丝相向滑动。

(c) 求 tan⁡β\tan\beta 的值。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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对 CC 来说,两个张力的水平分量相互抵消,竖直分量共同平衡 3mg3mg。绳与水平线的夹角为给定的角。

答题过程

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For CC, the two tensions each make angle β\beta with the horizontal. Resolving vertically,

2Tsin⁡β=3mg.2T\sin\beta=3mg.

Hence T=3mg2sin⁡β\boxed{T=\dfrac{3mg}{2\sin\beta}}.

解法二

思路

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三力平衡也可用拉密定理。两张力的夹角为 180∘−2β180^\circ-2\beta,其中一个张力与重力的夹角为 90∘+β90^\circ+\beta。

答题过程

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Applying Lami’s theorem to the three forces on CC,

Tsin⁡(90∘+β)=3mgsin⁡(180∘−2β).\frac{T}{\sin(90^\circ+\beta)} =\frac{3mg}{\sin(180^\circ-2\beta)}.

Thus, since 0<β<90∘0<\beta<90^\circ,

T=3mgcos⁡βsin⁡2β=3mgcos⁡β2sin⁡βcos⁡β=3mg2sin⁡β.T=\frac{3mg\cos\beta}{\sin2\beta} =\frac{3mg\cos\beta}{2\sin\beta\cos\beta} =\boxed{\frac{3mg}{2\sin\beta}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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对 AA 而言,张力斜向下,所以支持力需平衡环自身的重力及张力的竖直分量。

答题过程

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Let the normal reaction at AA be RR. Vertical equilibrium of AA gives

R=mg+Tsin⁡β.R=mg+T\sin\beta.

From (a), Tsin⁡β=3mg/2T\sin\beta=3mg/2, so

R=mg+32mg=52mg.R=mg+\frac32mg=\boxed{\frac52mg}.

解法二

思路

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也可以将两个环与悬挂质点作为整体。对称性使两个法向反作用力大小相等,绳张力作为内力抵消。

答题过程

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By symmetry, each ring has normal reaction RR. For the complete system, vertical equilibrium gives

2R=mg+mg+3mg=5mg.2R=mg+mg+3mg=5mg.

Hence the reaction at AA is R=5mg/2\boxed{R=5mg/2}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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环将向内滑动,所以摩擦力向外且达到极限。用水平平衡求张力的水平分量,再与 (a) 的竖直分量相除求正切。

答题过程

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For AA, the limiting friction is

F=45R=4552mg=2mg.F=\frac45R=\frac45\frac52mg=2mg.

Horizontal equilibrium gives

Tcos⁡β=F=2mg.T\cos\beta=F=2mg.

From (a), Tsin⁡β=3mg/2T\sin\beta=3mg/2. Dividing the two equations,

tan⁡β=Tsin⁡βTcos⁡β=3mg/22mg=34.\tan\beta=\frac{T\sin\beta}{T\cos\beta} =\frac{3mg/2}{2mg} =\boxed{\frac34}.