题目
5.
A car travels at a constant speed of in a straight line along a horizontal racetrack. At time , the car passes a motorcyclist who is at rest. The motorcyclist immediately sets off to catch up with the car.
The motorcyclist accelerates at for and then accelerates at for a further seconds until he catches up with the car.
(a) Sketch, on the same axes, the speed-time graph for the motion of the car and the speed-time graph for the motion of the motorcyclist, from time to the instant when the motorcyclist catches up with the car.
At the instant when seconds, the car and the motorcyclist are moving at the same speed.
(b) Find the value of .
(c) Show that , where is a constant to be found.
题目中文翻译
一辆汽车沿水平赛道以恒定速率 做直线运动。在 时,汽车经过一名静止的摩托车手。摩托车手立即出发追赶汽车。
摩托车手先以加速度 加速 ,再以加速度 继续加速 秒,直至追上汽车。
(a) 在同一坐标系中,画出从 到摩托车手追上汽车的瞬间,汽车和摩托车手运动的速率—时间图像草图。
在 秒的瞬间,汽车与摩托车手的速率相同。
(b) 求 的值。
(c) 证明 ,其中 是一个待求的常数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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汽车的速率不变,图像是水平线。摩托车的两段加速度都为正,但第二段斜率较小;结束时间为 ,不是 。
答题过程
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Use time (seconds) horizontally and speed () vertically.
For the car, draw the horizontal line from to .
For the motorcyclist, join to by a straight line, then continue with a less steep rising line to . The first segment crosses the car’s line before . Label , and ; both graphs end at the same time without dropping to zero speed.
(b)
解法一
思路
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摩托车在第一段加速中已达到汽车的速率,直接使用初速为零的速度公式,并检查所得时间小于 秒。
答题过程
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During the first stage, the motorcyclist’s speed is . Hence
Since , this occurs within the first acceleration stage.
(c)
解法一
思路
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追上时两者从同一起点走过相同路程。用图像面积分段求摩托车路程,汽车路程用恒速乘总时间,然后展开。
答题过程
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After the first seconds, the motorcyclist’s speed is . After the further seconds it is .
The distances travelled when they meet are therefore
Equating distances and expanding,
Thus the required form holds with .