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M1 2020 Oct Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2020 Oct Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

Two particles, PP and QQ, with masses mm and 2m2m respectively, are moving in the same direction along the same straight line when they collide directly. Immediately before they collide, PP is moving with speed 4u4u and QQ is moving with speed uu. Immediately after they collide, both particles are moving in the same direction and the speed of QQ is four times the speed of PP.

(a) Find the speed of QQ immediately after the collision.

(3)

(b) Find the magnitude of the impulse exerted by QQ on PP in the collision.

(3)

(c) State clearly the direction of this impulse.

(1)
题目中文翻译

两个质点 PP 和 QQ 的质量分别为 mm 和 2m2m,沿同一直线同向运动并发生正碰。碰撞前一瞬间,PP 的速率为 4u4u,QQ 的速率为 uu。碰撞后瞬间,两个质点仍同向运动,且 QQ 的速率为 PP 的速率的四倍。

(a) 求碰撞后瞬间 QQ 的速率。

(3)

(b) 求碰撞过程中 QQ 对 PP 施加的冲量的大小。

(3)

(c) 清楚说明该冲量的方向。

(1)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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以碰撞前运动方向为正。设 PP 碰撞后的速度为 vv,则 QQ 为 4v4v,再用动量守恒。

答题过程

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Take the initial direction of motion as positive. Let the velocities of PP and QQ after impact be vv and 4v4v. Conservation of momentum gives

m(4u)+2m(u)=mv+2m(4v).m(4u)+2m(u)=mv+2m(4v).

Thus 6mu=9mv6mu=9mv, so v=2u/3v=2u/3. Hence the speed of QQ is

4v=8u3.4v=\boxed{\frac{8u}{3}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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冲量等于 PP 的末动量减初动量。先求有方向的冲量,再取大小。

答题过程

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The impulse on PP is

IP=m(23u−4u)=−10mu3.I_P=m\big(\tfrac23u-4u\big)=-\frac{10mu}{3}.

Therefore its magnitude is 10mu/3\boxed{10mu/3}.

解法二

思路

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也可以计算 QQ 的动量变化,再用相互作用冲量大小相等、方向相反。

答题过程

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The impulse on QQ is

IQ=2m(83u−u)=10mu3.I_Q=2m\big(\tfrac83u-u\big)=\frac{10mu}{3}.

The impulse exerted by QQ on PP is opposite to IQI_Q, so its magnitude is 10mu/3\boxed{10mu/3}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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所选正方向与运动方向相同,而 PP 所受冲量为负,所以它与运动方向相反。

答题过程

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The impulse on PP acts opposite to the direction of motion of P\boxed{\text{opposite to the direction of motion of }P}.