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M1 2020 Oct Q3

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2020 Oct Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

A particle of mass 10 kg10\,\mathrm{kg} is placed on a fixed rough inclined plane. The plane is inclined to the horizontal at an angle α\alpha, where tan⁡α=34\tan\alpha=\frac{3}{4}. The particle is held in equilibrium by a force of magnitude PP newtons, which acts up the plane, as shown in Figure 1. The line of action of the force lies in a vertical plane that contains a line of greatest slope of the plane.

The coefficient of friction between the particle and the plane is 12\frac{1}{2}.

(a) Find the normal reaction between the particle and the plane.

(2)

(b) Find the greatest possible value of PP.

(4)

(c) Find the least possible value of PP.

(2)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 10 kg10\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点放在固定粗糙斜面上。斜面与水平面成 α\alpha 角,其中 tan⁡α=34\tan\alpha=\frac{3}{4}。如图 1 所示,一个沿斜面向上、大小为 PP 牛顿的力使质点保持平衡。该力的作用线位于包含斜面一条最大坡度线的竖直平面内。

质点与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 12\frac{1}{2}。

(a) 求质点与斜面之间的法向反作用力。

(2)

(b) 求 PP 的最大可能值。

(4)

(c) 求 PP 的最小可能值。

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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外力 PP 平行斜面,没有垂直于斜面的分量。法向反作用力只需平衡重力的垂直分量。

答题过程

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Since tan⁡α=3/4\tan\alpha=3/4 and α\alpha is acute,

sin⁡α=35,cos⁡α=45.\sin\alpha=\frac35,\qquad \cos\alpha=\frac45.

Resolving perpendicular to the plane,

R=10gcos⁡α=10(9.8)45=78.4 N.R=10g\cos\alpha=10(9.8)\frac45 =\boxed{78.4\,\mathrm{N}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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当 PP 最大时,质点恰好要向上滑动,摩擦力沿斜面向下,且达到极限值。

答题过程

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For the greatest PP, friction acts down the plane at its limiting value,

F=μR=12(78.4)=39.2 N.F=\mu R=\frac12(78.4)=39.2\,\mathrm{N}.

Resolving parallel to the plane,

Pmax⁡=10gsin⁡α+F=10(9.8)35+39.2=98.0 N.P_{\max}=10g\sin\alpha+F =10(9.8)\frac35+39.2 =\boxed{98.0\,\mathrm{N}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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当 PP 最小时,质点恰好要向下滑动,摩擦力沿斜面向上,帮助 PP 平衡重力分量。

答题过程

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At the minimum force, limiting friction acts up the plane. Thus

Pmin⁡+39.2=10gsin⁡α=58.8.P_{\min}+39.2=10g\sin\alpha=58.8.

Hence Pmin⁡=19.6 N\boxed{P_{\min}=19.6\,\mathrm{N}}.