题目
4.
A non-uniform beam has length and mass .
The centre of mass of the beam is metres from .
The beam is supported in equilibrium in a horizontal position by two vertical light ropes. One rope is attached to the beam at , where and the other rope is attached to the beam at , where , as shown in Figure 2.
A gymnast, of mass , stands on the beam at the point , where , and the beam remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position but is now on the point of tilting about .
The gymnast then dismounts from the beam.
A second gymnast, of mass , now stands on the beam at the point , where , and the beam remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position but is now on the point of tilting about .
The beam is modelled as a non-uniform rod and the gymnasts are modelled as particles.
Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一根非均匀横梁 长 ,质量为 。
横梁的质心距 点 米。
两根竖直轻绳使横梁保持水平平衡。如图 2 所示,一根绳连接在 点,其中 ;另一根连接在 点,其中 。
一名质量为 的体操运动员站在梁上的 点,其中 。横梁仍保持水平平衡,但此时恰好要绕 点倾斜。
随后,该运动员离开横梁。
第二名质量为 的运动员站在梁上的 点,其中 。横梁仍保持水平平衡,但此时恰好要绕 点倾斜。
将横梁视为非均匀杆,将运动员视为质点。
求 的值。
解答
解法一
思路
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每次临界倾覆时,远离转轴的那根绳张力降为零。分别关于临界支点取矩,得到含同一个质心位置的两式;相加后可消去质心位置。
答题过程
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The coordinates of the supports measured from are at and at .
With the gymnast at , the beam is on the point of tilting about , so the tension at is zero. Taking moments about ,
hence
With the gymnast at , the beam is on the point of tilting about , so the tension at is zero. Since , taking moments about gives
so
Adding (1) and (2),
Therefore . The beam has mass . Substitution into (1) gives , between and as required by both limiting positions.