题目
6.
A railway engine of mass is attached to a railway truck of mass by a straight rigid coupling. The engine pushes the truck up a straight track, which is inclined to the horizontal at an angle , where . The coupling is parallel to the track and parallel to the direction of motion, as shown in Figure 3.
The engine produces a constant driving force of magnitude newtons. The engine and the truck experience constant resistances to motion, from non-gravitational forces, of magnitude and respectively.
The thrust in the coupling is .
The coupling is modelled as a light rod.
(a) Find the acceleration of the engine and the truck.
(b) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一台质量为 的火车机车通过一个笔直的刚性连接装置,与一节质量为 的货车厢相连。机车将货车厢沿直轨道向上推,轨道与水平面成 角,其中 。如图 3 所示,连接装置平行于轨道及运动方向。
机车产生大小为 牛顿的恒定驱动力。机车和货车厢受到的非重力恒定运动阻力大小分别为 和 。
连接装置中的推力为 。
将连接装置视为轻杆。
(a) 求机车和货车厢的加速度。
(b) 求 的值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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单独研究车厢,连接杆推力沿斜面向上,阻力与重力分量都沿斜面向下。
答题过程
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Take up the track as positive. For the truck,
Using and ,
Thus both vehicles accelerate up the track at .
(b)
解法一
思路
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将两车作为整体,推力成为内力而抵消。用总质量和总阻力列方程,再代入 (a) 的加速度。
答题过程
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For the engine and truck together,
Therefore
giving .
解法二
思路
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也可以单独研究机车。连接杆对机车的反作用力与机车前进方向相反。
答题过程
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For the engine alone, taking up the track as positive,
Substitution gives
Hence .