Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

M1 2021 Jan Q2

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2021 Jan Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

2.

Two particles, PP and QQ, have masses 2m2m and mm respectively. The particles are moving towards each other in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal plane. The particles collide directly.

Immediately before the collision, the speed of PP is 3u3u and the speed of QQ is 2u2u.

The magnitude of the impulse exerted on QQ by PP in the collision is 5mu5mu.

Find

(a) the speed of PP immediately after the collision,

(3)

(b) the speed of QQ immediately after the collision.

(3)
题目中文翻译

两个质点 PP 和 QQ 的质量分别为 2m2m 和 mm。它们在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。

碰撞前一瞬间,PP 的速率为 3u3u,QQ 的速率为 2u2u。

碰撞过程中 PP 对 QQ 施加的冲量大小为 5mu5mu。

求

(a) 碰撞后瞬间 PP 的速率,

(3)

(b) 碰撞后瞬间 QQ 的速率。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

以 PP 原来的运动方向为正。碰撞力是相互排斥的,所以 PP 所受冲量为负;用动量变化解出其末速度。

答题过程

展开

Take the initial direction of PP as positive. The impulse on PP is −5mu-5mu. If its velocity after impact is vv,

−5mu=2m(v−3u).-5mu=2m(v-3u).

Therefore

−5u=2v−6u,2v=u,v=u2>0.-5u=2v-6u, \qquad 2v=u, \qquad v=\frac u2>0.

Hence the speed of PP is u/2\boxed{u/2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

QQ 的初速度为 −2u-2u,所受冲量为正。用同一个正方向写动量变化,最后检查末速度的符号。

答题过程

展开

The impulse on QQ is +5mu+5mu. If its velocity after impact is ww,

5mu=m(w−(−2u)).5mu=m\big(w-(-2u)\big).

Thus 5u=w+2u5u=w+2u, giving w=3u>0w=3u>0. The speed of QQ is 3u\boxed{3u}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可以承接 (a) 的结果,用整个系统的动量守恒求 QQ 的末速度。

答题过程

展开

Using conservation of momentum in the same positive direction,

2m(3u)+m(−2u)=2m(12u)+mw.2m(3u)+m(-2u)=2m\big(\tfrac12u\big)+mw.

Thus 4mu=mu+mw4mu=mu+mw, so w=3uw=3u. Hence the required speed is 3u\boxed{3u}.