题目
2.
Two particles, and , have masses and respectively. The particles are moving towards each other in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal plane. The particles collide directly.
Immediately before the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is .
The magnitude of the impulse exerted on by in the collision is .
Find
(a) the speed of immediately after the collision,
(b) the speed of immediately after the collision.
题目中文翻译
两个质点 和 的质量分别为 和 。它们在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。
碰撞前一瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞过程中 对 施加的冲量大小为 。
求
(a) 碰撞后瞬间 的速率,
(b) 碰撞后瞬间 的速率。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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以 原来的运动方向为正。碰撞力是相互排斥的,所以 所受冲量为负;用动量变化解出其末速度。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of as positive. The impulse on is . If its velocity after impact is ,
Therefore
Hence the speed of is .
(b)
解法一
思路
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的初速度为 ,所受冲量为正。用同一个正方向写动量变化,最后检查末速度的符号。
答题过程
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The impulse on is . If its velocity after impact is ,
Thus , giving . The speed of is .
解法二
思路
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也可以承接 (a) 的结果,用整个系统的动量守恒求 的末速度。
答题过程
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Using conservation of momentum in the same positive direction,
Thus , so . Hence the required speed is .