题目
1.
A particle has mass and a particle has mass . The particles are moving towards each other in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface. The particles collide directly.
Immediately before the collision the speed of is , where is a constant, and the speed of is .
Immediately after the collision the speed of is and the speed of is .
The direction of motion of is reversed by the collision.
(a) Find, in terms of and , the magnitude of the impulse exerted on by in the collision.
(b) Find the two possible values of .
题目中文翻译
质点 的质量为 ,质点 的质量为 。它们在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。
碰撞前一瞬间, 的速率为 ,其中 为常数; 的速率为 。
碰撞后瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞使 的运动方向反转。
(a) 用 和 表示碰撞过程中 对 施加的冲量的大小。
(b) 求 的两个可能值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
先统一正方向。 碰后反向,所以速度变化的大小是两段速率之和,冲量等于动量的变化。
答题过程
展开
Take the initial direction of motion of as positive. The velocity of changes from to .
The impulse on is
Hence the magnitude of the impulse is .
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
题目只给出 碰后的速率,没有确定其方向。分别讨论 继续向前和反向两种情况,并对整个系统用动量守恒。
答题过程
展开
There is no external horizontal impulse, so the total momentum is conserved.
If continues in its original direction, its final velocity is . Thus
If reverses direction, its final velocity is . Then
The two possible values are .