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M1 2021 June Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

A particle PP has mass 3m3m and a particle QQ has mass 5m5m. The particles are moving towards each other in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface. The particles collide directly.

Immediately before the collision the speed of PP is kuku, where kk is a constant, and the speed of QQ is 2u2u.

Immediately after the collision the speed of PP is uu and the speed of QQ is 3u3u.

The direction of motion of QQ is reversed by the collision.

(a) Find, in terms of mm and uu, the magnitude of the impulse exerted on QQ by PP in the collision.

(2)

(b) Find the two possible values of kk.

(5)
题目中文翻译

质点 PP 的质量为 3m3m,质点 QQ 的质量为 5m5m。它们在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。

碰撞前一瞬间,PP 的速率为 kuku,其中 kk 为常数;QQ 的速率为 2u2u。

碰撞后瞬间,PP 的速率为 uu,QQ 的速率为 3u3u。

碰撞使 QQ 的运动方向反转。

(a) 用 mm 和 uu 表示碰撞过程中 PP 对 QQ 施加的冲量的大小。

(2)

(b) 求 kk 的两个可能值。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先统一正方向。QQ 碰后反向,所以速度变化的大小是两段速率之和,冲量等于动量的变化。

答题过程

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Take the initial direction of motion of PP as positive. The velocity of QQ changes from −2u-2u to 3u3u.

The impulse on QQ is

IQ=5m(3u−(−2u))=25mu.I_Q=5m\bigl(3u-(-2u)\bigr)=25mu.

Hence the magnitude of the impulse is 25mu\boxed{25mu}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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题目只给出 PP 碰后的速率,没有确定其方向。分别讨论 PP 继续向前和反向两种情况,并对整个系统用动量守恒。

答题过程

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There is no external horizontal impulse, so the total momentum is conserved.

If PP continues in its original direction, its final velocity is uu. Thus

3mku+5m(−2u)= 3mu+5m(3u),3k−10= 18,k= 283.\begin{align*} 3mku+5m(-2u)=&\,3mu+5m(3u),\\ 3k-10=&\,18,\\ k=&\,\frac{28}{3}. \end{align*}

If PP reverses direction, its final velocity is −u-u. Then

3mku+5m(−2u)= 3m(−u)+5m(3u),3k−10= 12,k= 223.\begin{align*} 3mku+5m(-2u)=&\,3m(-u)+5m(3u),\\ 3k-10=&\,12,\\ k=&\,\frac{22}{3}. \end{align*}

The two possible values are 283 and 223\boxed{\dfrac{28}{3}\text{ and }\dfrac{22}{3}}.