题目
8.
Two trams, tram and tram , run on parallel straight horizontal tracks. Initially the two trams are at rest in the depot and level with each other.
At time , tram starts to move. Tram moves with constant acceleration for seconds and then continues to move along the track at constant speed.
At time seconds, tram starts from rest and moves in the same direction as tram . Tram moves with constant acceleration for seconds and then continues to move along the track at constant speed.
The trams are modelled as particles.
(a) Sketch, on the same axes, a speed-time graph for the motion of tram and a speed-time graph for the motion of tram , from to the instant when tram overtakes tram .
At the instant when the two trams are moving with the same speed, tram is metres in front of tram .
(b) Find the value of .
(c) Find the distance of the trams from the depot at the instant when tram overtakes tram .
题目中文翻译
两辆电车 和 在互相平行的水平直轨道上行驶。起初,两车静止在车库内,位置相齐。
在 时,电车 开始运动。 以恒定加速度 运动 秒,然后沿轨道继续匀速运动。
在 秒时,电车 从静止出发,与 同向运动。 以恒定加速度 运动 秒,然后沿轨道继续匀速运动。
将两辆电车视为质点。
(a) 在同一坐标系中,画出从 到电车 超过电车 的瞬间,两车的速率—时间图像草图。
在两车速率相同的瞬间,电车 在电车 前方 米处。
(b) 求 的值。
(c) 求电车 超过电车 的瞬间,两车距车库的距离。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先求两车加速结束时的速度。共用同一时间轴, 要延迟到 才开始上升,且斜率更大;两图都画到追上时刻,不能在末端画速度突然降为零的竖线。
答题过程
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The constant speeds reached by the trams are
On the same axes, with time in seconds horizontally and speed in vertically:
- For , draw a straight line from to , followed by a horizontal line at .
- For , draw along from to , then a straight line to , followed by a horizontal line at .
- Label both graphs and the times , and . The rising line for crosses the horizontal line for . Extend both graphs to the same final time when overtakes ; neither speed drops to zero there.
(b)
解法一
思路
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两车行驶中速度相等时, 已匀速而 仍在加速。先找到这一时刻,再分别用速度—时间图下的面积求距离并相减。
答题过程
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While is accelerating, its speed is . It reaches ‘s speed of when
This is between and seconds, as required.
The distances travelled from the depot by this time are
Therefore
(c)
解法一
思路
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加速结束时仍落后,所以追上发生在两车都匀速之后。分别写从车库出发的总路程,令二者相等,再求共同位置。
答题过程
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At s,
Thus is still behind . For , the distances from the depot are
At overtaking these distances are equal, so
Since , the assumed stages of motion are valid. The distance from the depot is