题目
1.
A particle of weight is attached to one end of a light inextensible string. The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point . The particle is held in equilibrium by a force of magnitude newtons. The direction of this force is perpendicular to the string and makes an angle of with the vertical, as shown in Figure 1.
Find
(a) the value of ,
(b) the tension in the string.
题目中文翻译
一个重 的质点 连接在一根轻且不可伸长的细绳的一端,另一端连接在固定点 。一个大小为 牛顿的力使 保持平衡。如图 1 所示,该力的方向垂直于细绳,且 与竖直方向成 角。
求
(a) 的值,
(b) 细绳中的张力。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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沿垂直绳子的方向分解力,可以直接消去张力。绳子与竖直方向成 ,重力在垂直绳子方向的分量大小为 。
答题过程
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Resolve perpendicular to the string. The tension has no component in this direction, so equilibrium gives
解法二
思路
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三个力平衡,可用拉密定理。 与张力之间夹角是直角,而张力与重力之间夹角为 。
答题过程
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Let the tension be . The angles between the forces and , and between and the weight, are and respectively.
By Lami’s theorem,
Hence .
(b)
解法一
思路
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沿绳子方向分解力,外力 在该方向没有分量。张力平衡重力沿绳子方向的分量。
答题过程
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Resolving along the string towards ,
Thus the tension is .
解法二
思路
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用拉密定理求张力时,张力对应的是另外两力的夹角,即 与重力之间的 。
答题过程
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The angle between and the weight is . By Lami’s theorem,
Therefore .