题目
2.
A particle has mass and a particle has mass . The particles are moving towards each other in opposite directions along the same straight line when they collide directly.
Immediately before the collision, has speed and has speed .
As a result of the collision, the direction of motion of each particle is reversed and the speed of each particle is halved.
(a) Find the value of .
(b) Find, in terms of and , the magnitude of the impulse exerted on in the collision.
题目中文翻译
质点 的质量为 ,质点 的质量为 。它们沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。
碰撞前一瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞使两个质点的运动方向均反转,且各自的速率均减半。
(a) 求 的值。
(b) 用 和 表示碰撞过程中 所受冲量的大小。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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统一正方向后,将“反向且速率减半”分别转成带符号的速度,再用动量守恒。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of as positive. Before the collision the velocities of and are and ; afterwards they are and respectively.
Conservation of momentum gives
(b)
解法一
思路
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冲量等于 的动量变化。因为 反向,速度变化不是两个速率之差。
答题过程
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Using the same positive direction as in (a), the impulse on is
Its magnitude is .
解法二
思路
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也可由 的动量变化求其所受冲量,再用相互作用冲量等大反向,得到 的冲量大小。
答题过程
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The mass of is . Its change in momentum is
The impulses on and are equal and opposite. Therefore the magnitude of the impulse on is .