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M1 2022 Jan Q3

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2022 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

A beam ADCBADCB has length 5 m5\,\mathrm{m}. The beam lies on a horizontal step with the end AA on the step and the end BB projecting over the edge of the step. The edge of the step is at the point DD where DB=1.3 mDB=1.3\,\mathrm{m}, as shown in Figure 2.

When a small boy of mass 30 kg30\,\mathrm{kg} stands on the beam at CC, where CB=0.5 mCB=0.5\,\mathrm{m}, the beam is on the point of tilting.

The boy is modelled as a particle and the beam is modelled as a uniform rod.

(a) Find the mass of the beam.

(3)

A block of mass X kgX\,\mathrm{kg} is now placed on the beam at AA.

The block is modelled as a particle.

(b) Find the smallest value of XX that will enable the boy to stand on the beam at BB without the beam tilting.

(3)

(c) State how you have used the modelling assumption that the block is a particle in your calculations.

(1)
题目中文翻译

一根梁 ADCBADCB 长 5 m5\,\mathrm{m},放在一个水平台阶上,AA 端位于台阶上,BB 端伸出台阶边缘。如图 2 所示,台阶边缘位于 DD 点,其中 DB=1.3 mDB=1.3\,\mathrm{m}。

当一个质量为 30 kg30\,\mathrm{kg} 的小男孩站在梁上的 CC 点时,梁恰好要倾斜,其中 CB=0.5 mCB=0.5\,\mathrm{m}。

将男孩视为质点,将梁视为均匀杆。

(a) 求梁的质量。

(3)

现将一个质量为 X kgX\,\mathrm{kg} 的物块放在梁的 AA 点。

将物块视为质点。

(b) 求使男孩能够站在梁的 BB 点而梁不倾斜的 XX 的最小值。

(3)

(c) 说明在计算中如何使用了“将物块视为质点”这一建模假设。

(1)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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临界倾覆时梁绕台阶边缘 DD 转动,支持力作用于 DD。均匀梁的重力作用在中点,先求各重力到 DD 的力臂。

答题过程

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Let the mass of the beam be mbm_b kg and its midpoint be GG.

Since AD=5−1.3=3.7AD=5-1.3=3.7 m and AG=2.5AG=2.5 m,

DG=3.7−2.5=1.2 m,DC=1.3−0.5=0.8 m.DG=3.7-2.5=1.2\ \mathrm m,\qquad DC=1.3-0.5=0.8\ \mathrm m.

At the point of tilting, taking moments about DD gives

mbg(1.2)=30g(0.8).m_bg(1.2)=30g(0.8).

Hence mb=30(0.8)/1.2=20 kgm_b=30(0.8)/1.2=\boxed{20\ \mathrm{kg}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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不倾覆要求左侧的稳定力矩至少等于男孩在右侧的倾覆力矩。最小质量对应等号,即再次处于临界倾覆状态。

答题过程

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With the boy at BB, the condition for no tilting about DD is

Xg(3.7)+20g(1.2)≥30g(1.3).Xg(3.7)+20g(1.2)\geq30g(1.3).

Thus

3.7X+24≥ 39,X≥ 153.7=15037.\begin{align*} 3.7X+24\geq&\,39,\\ X\geq&\,\frac{15}{3.7}=\frac{150}{37}. \end{align*}

The smallest value is X=15037≈4.05\boxed{X=\dfrac{150}{37}}\approx4.05.

(c)

解法一

思路

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质点模型忽略物块的大小,把全部质量集中在一个位置,因此它的重力力臂按 AA 点计算。

答题过程

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The mass of the block is treated as concentrated at the single point AA, so its weight acts at AA.