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M1 2022 Jan Q5

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2022 Jan Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

5.

A particle of mass mm rests in equilibrium on a fixed rough plane under the action of a force of magnitude XX. The force acts up a line of greatest slope of the plane, as shown in Figure 3.

The plane is inclined at an angle α\alpha to the horizontal, where tan⁡α=34\tan\alpha=\frac{3}{4}.

The coefficient of friction between the particle and the plane is μ\mu.

  • When X=2PX=2P, the particle is on the point of sliding up the plane.
  • When X=PX=P, the particle is on the point of sliding down the plane.

Find the value of μ\mu.

(8)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 mm 的质点在大小为 XX 的力作用下,静止平衡于固定粗糙斜面上。如图 3 所示,该力沿斜面的一条最大坡度线向上作用。

斜面与水平面成 α\alpha 角,其中 tan⁡α=34\tan\alpha=\frac{3}{4}。

质点与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 μ\mu。

  • 当 X=2PX=2P 时,质点恰好要沿斜面向上滑动。
  • 当 X=PX=P 时,质点恰好要沿斜面向下滑动。

求 μ\mu 的值。

(8)

解答

解法一

思路

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两个临界状态的支持力相同,极限摩擦力大小也相同,但方向相反。分别沿斜面列平衡方程,先消去 PP 求摩擦力,再除以支持力。

答题过程

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From tan⁡α=3/4\tan\alpha=3/4, sin⁡α=3/5\sin\alpha=3/5 and cos⁡α=4/5\cos\alpha=4/5.

Resolving perpendicular to the plane,

R=mgcos⁡α=4mg5.R=mg\cos\alpha=\frac{4mg}{5}.

Let F=μRF=\mu R be the magnitude of limiting friction. When X=2PX=2P, impending motion is up the plane, so friction acts down the plane:

2P=mgsin⁡α+F.(1)2P=mg\sin\alpha+F.\tag{1}

When X=PX=P, impending motion is down the plane, so friction acts up the plane:

P=mgsin⁡α−F.(2)P=mg\sin\alpha-F.\tag{2}

Subtracting twice (2) from (1),

0=−mgsin⁡α+3F,F=mgsin⁡α3=mg5.0=-mg\sin\alpha+3F,\qquad F=\frac{mg\sin\alpha}{3}=\frac{mg}{5}.

Therefore

μ=FR=mg/54mg/5=14.\mu=\frac FR=\frac{mg/5}{4mg/5}=\boxed{\frac14}.

解法二

思路

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也可在两个临界状态中都沿水平方向分解,利用同一支持力和相反的摩擦力方向。两式相加、相减后相除,可同时消去外力大小和支持力。

答题过程

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Let F=μRF=\mu R be the magnitude of limiting friction. For impending upward motion with X=2PX=2P, horizontal equilibrium gives

2Pcos⁡α=Rsin⁡α+Fcos⁡α.(1)2P\cos\alpha=R\sin\alpha+F\cos\alpha.\tag{1}

For impending downward motion with X=PX=P, horizontal equilibrium gives

Pcos⁡α=Rsin⁡α−Fcos⁡α.(2)P\cos\alpha=R\sin\alpha-F\cos\alpha.\tag{2}

Adding and subtracting the equations,

3Pcos⁡α=2Rsin⁡α,Pcos⁡α=2Fcos⁡α.3P\cos\alpha=2R\sin\alpha,\qquad P\cos\alpha=2F\cos\alpha.

Dividing the second equation by the first gives

13=Fcos⁡αRsin⁡α=μcot⁡α.\frac13=\frac{F\cos\alpha}{R\sin\alpha}=\mu\cot\alpha.

Consequently μ=tan⁡α3=14\boxed{\mu=\dfrac{\tan\alpha}{3}=\dfrac14}.