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M1 2022 June Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2022 June Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

Two particles, PP and QQ, are moving towards each other in opposite directions along the same straight line when they collide directly. Immediately before the collision the speed of QQ is 2u2u. The mass of QQ is 3m3m and the magnitude of the impulse exerted by PP on QQ in the collision is 4mu4mu.

Find

(a) the speed of QQ immediately after the collision,

(3)

(b) the direction of motion of QQ immediately after the collision.

(1)
题目中文翻译

两个质点 PP 和 QQ 沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。碰撞前一瞬间,QQ 的速率为 2u2u。QQ 的质量为 3m3m,碰撞过程中 PP 对 QQ 施加的冲量大小为 4mu4mu。

求

(a) 碰撞后瞬间 QQ 的速率,

(3)

(b) 碰撞后瞬间 QQ 的运动方向。

(1)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

以 QQ 碰撞前的方向为正。相向碰撞时,PP 给 QQ 的冲量与 QQ 原运动方向相反,所以冲量应带负号。

答题过程

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Take the initial direction of QQ as positive, and let its final velocity be vv. The impulse on QQ acts opposite to its initial motion.

Using impulse equals change in momentum,

−4mu= 3m(v−2u),−4u= 3v−6u,v= 2u3.\begin{align*} -4mu=&\,3m(v-2u),\\ -4u=&\,3v-6u,\\ v=&\,\frac{2u}{3}. \end{align*}

Hence the speed is 2u3\boxed{\dfrac{2u}{3}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

上一问得到正速度,说明 QQ 没有反向;其速率虽然变小,运动方向保持不变。

答题过程

展开

Since v=2u/3>0v=2u/3>0, QQ continues in the same direction as before the collision.