题目
Problem
2.
A motorbike is moving with constant acceleration along a straight horizontal road.
The motorbike passes a point P and 10 seconds later passes a point Q.
The speed of the motorbike as it passes Q is 28ms−1.
Given that PQ=220m,
(a) find the acceleration of the motorbike,
(3)
(b) find the distance travelled by the motorbike during the fifth second after passing P.
(4)
题目中文翻译
一辆摩托车沿水平直路做匀加速运动。
摩托车经过 P 点,10 秒后经过 Q 点。
摩托车经过 Q 点时的速率为 28ms−1。
已知 PQ=220m,
(a) 求摩托车的加速度,
(3)
(b) 求摩托车经过 P 点后的第五秒内行驶的路程。
(4)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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已知末速度、时间和距离,可用 s=vt−21at2 直接求加速度,避免把经过 P 时的速度误设为零。
答题过程
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Taking the direction of motion as positive, use s=vt−21at2 between P and Q:
220=50a=a=28(10)−21a(102),60,1.2 ms−2.
(b)
解法一
思路
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第五秒内是 t=4 到 t=5 的一秒。先从末速度倒推这一秒开始时的速度,再用一秒的匀加速位移公式。
答题过程
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Let t=0 when the motorbike passes P. At t=4, the velocity is
v4=28−1.2(10−4)=20.8 ms−1.
During the fifth second, the elapsed time is 1 s. Thus
s=20.8(1)+21(1.2)(12)=21.4 m.
解法二
思路
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也可先求从 P 出发四秒、五秒的累计路程,再相减。两端位置均从同一时间原点计算。
答题过程
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The velocity at P is
u=28−1.2(10)=16 ms−1.
The distances travelled in the first four and first five seconds are
s4=s5=16(4)+21(1.2)(42)=73.6 m,16(5)+21(1.2)(52)=95 m.
Therefore the distance during the fifth second is
s5−s4=95−73.6=21.4 m.