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M1 2022 June Q3

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2022 June Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

A tractor of mass 66 tonnes is dragging a large block of mass 22 tonnes along rough horizontal ground. The cable connecting the tractor to the block is horizontal and parallel to the direction of motion.

The cable is modelled as being light and inextensible.

The driving force of the tractor is 7400 N7400\,\mathrm{N} and the resistance to the motion of the tractor is 200 N200\,\mathrm{N}. The resistance to the motion of the block is RR newtons, where RR is a constant.

Given that the tension in the cable is 6000 N6000\,\mathrm{N} and the tractor is accelerating,

(a) find the value of RR.

(6)

(b) State how you have used the fact that the cable is modelled as being inextensible.

(1)
题目中文翻译

一辆质量为 66 吨的拖拉机在粗糙水平地面上拖动一个质量为 22 吨的大物块。连接拖拉机与物块的缆绳水平放置,并平行于运动方向。

将缆绳视为轻且不可伸长的绳。

拖拉机的驱动力为 7400 N7400\,\mathrm{N},拖拉机所受运动阻力为 200 N200\,\mathrm{N}。物块所受运动阻力为 RR 牛顿,其中 RR 为常数。

已知缆绳中的张力为 6000 N6000\,\mathrm{N},且拖拉机正在加速,

(a) 求 RR 的值。

(6)

(b) 说明如何使用了“将缆绳视为不可伸长的绳”这一假设。

(1)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先把吨换成千克。对拖拉机单独列方程求共同加速度,再对物块列方程求阻力;张力对两个物体的方向相反。

答题过程

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The tractor and block have masses 6000 kg and 2000 kg respectively. Let their common acceleration be a m s−2a\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

Taking forwards as positive, Newton’s second law for the tractor gives

7400−200−6000=6000a,a=0.2 m s−2.7400-200-6000=6000a,\qquad a=0.2\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

For the block,

6000−R= 2000(0.2),R= 5600.\begin{align*} 6000-R=&\,2000(0.2),\\ R=&\,\boxed{5600}. \end{align*}

The resistance to the block’s motion is 5600 N.

解法二

思路

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还可把拖拉机与物块作为整体,内部张力抵消。先由拖拉机方程求加速度,再代入整体方程求未知阻力。

答题过程

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For the tractor alone,

7400−200−6000=6000a,a=0.2 m s−2.7400-200-6000=6000a,\qquad a=0.2\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

For the complete system, the tension is internal and cancels. Hence

7400−200−R= (6000+2000)(0.2),R= 7200−1600=5600.\begin{align*} 7400-200-R=&\,(6000+2000)(0.2),\\ R=&\,7200-1600=\boxed{5600}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

不可伸长的绳子保持两物体间距不变,因此所列两个运动方程使用相同加速度。

答题过程

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The inextensible cable was used to give the tractor and the block the same acceleration.