题目
7.
Two small children, Ajaz and Beth, are running a race along a straight horizontal track.
They both start from rest, leaving the start line at the same time.
Ajaz accelerates at up to a speed of and then maintains this speed until he crosses the finish line.
Beth accelerates at for seconds and then maintains a constant speed until she crosses the finish line.
Ajaz and Beth cross the finish line at the same time.
(a) Sketch, on the same axes, a speed-time graph for each child, from the instant when they leave the start line to the instant when they cross the finish line.
(b) Find the time taken by Ajaz to complete the race.
(c) Find the value of .
(d) Find the difference in the speeds of the two children as they cross the finish line.
题目中文翻译
两个小孩 Ajaz 和 Beth 沿水平直跑道参加 赛跑。
两人同时从起跑线由静止出发。
Ajaz 以加速度 加速至速率 ,然后保持这一速率直至越过终点线。
Beth 以加速度 加速 秒,然后保持恒定速率直至越过终点线。
Ajaz 和 Beth 同时越过终点线。
(a) 在同一坐标系中,画出两人从离开起跑线到越过终点线的速率—时间图像草图。
(b) 求 Ajaz 完成比赛所需的时间。
(c) 求 的值。
(d) 求两人越过终点线时的速率之差。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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两人都从原点出发。Beth 的初始斜率较大,但她更早结束加速、最终速率较小;两条图线在同一时刻结束,并在途中相交。
答题过程
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On the same speed-time axes:
- Draw Ajaz’s graph as a straight line from the origin to speed , followed by a horizontal line.
- Draw Beth’s graph with a steeper initial line, ending at time at a speed below 4, followed by a horizontal line. Her horizontal line crosses Ajaz’s rising line.
- Label the graphs, speed 4 and time . Both graphs end at the same finishing time, with no vertical drop to zero.
The constant speeds and relative positions are consistent with the equal total areas of under the graphs.
(b)
解法一
思路
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先求 Ajaz 的加速时间与加速路程,余下距离以恒定速率行驶。整场比赛不能只用一个匀加速公式。
答题过程
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Ajaz reaches speed after
His distance during acceleration is m. If the total race time is ,
(c)
解法一
思路
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Beth 加速 秒后速率为 米每秒,余下比赛时间为 。用三角形与长方形面积写总路程,解二次方程后依据时间范围选根。
答题过程
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Beth’s speed after accelerating for seconds is . She then runs at this speed for seconds.
Her total distance is 100 m, so
The larger root is , greater than the total race time of 27.5 s, so it is inadmissible.
Therefore
(d)
解法一
思路
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两人过终点时均已匀速,速率分别为 和 。用未舍入的 相减,避免两个相近数字相减时放大舍入误差。
答题过程
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At the finish, Ajaz’s speed is and Beth’s is .
The difference is