题目
Problem
6.
[In this question, i and j are horizontal unit vectors.]
A particle A of mass 0.5kg is at rest on a smooth horizontal plane.
At time t=0, two forces, F1=(−3i+2j)N and F2=(pi+qj)N, where p and q are constants, are applied to A.
Given that A moves in the direction of the vector (i−2j),
(a) show that 2p+q−4=0.
(4)
Given that p=5,
(b) find the speed of A at time t=4 seconds.
(5)
题目中文翻译
[本题中,i 和 j 为水平单位向量。]
一个质量为 0.5kg 的质点 A 静止在光滑水平面上。
在 t=0 时,对 A 施加两个力 F1=(−3i+2j)N 和 F2=(pi+qj)N,其中 p 和 q 为常数。
已知 A 沿向量 (i−2j) 的方向运动,
(a) 证明 2p+q−4=0。
(4)
已知 p=5,
(b) 求 t=4 秒时 A 的速率。
(5)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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质点从静止开始,在恒定合力下沿加速度方向运动,因此合力与给定方向向量平行同向。分量之间是比例关系,不能直接把合力分量设成 1 和 −2。
答题过程
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The resultant force is
F=(−3i+2j)+(pi+qj)=(p−3)i+(q+2)j.
Since the particle starts from rest and the forces are constant, its acceleration and resultant force have the same direction as its motion.
Thus, for some positive scalar λ,
p−3=λ,q+2=−2λ.
Eliminating λ,
q+2=−2(p−3),2p+q−4=0,
as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
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先用上一问求另一力的分量,再求合力、加速度与四秒后的速度。最后求速度向量的模,而不是把分量相加。
答题过程
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With p=5, the equation from (a) gives q=4−2(5)=−6. Hence the resultant force is
F=2i−4j N.
Using Newton’s second law,
a=0.5F=4i−8j ms−2.
Starting from rest, the velocity at t=4 is
v=4a=16i−32j ms−1.
Therefore the speed is
∣v∣=162+(−32)2=165 ms−1.