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M1 2022 Oct Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2022 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

A particle PP of mass mm is attached to one end of a light inextensible string. Another particle QQ, also of mass mm, is attached to the other end of the string. The string passes over a small smooth pulley which is fixed at the edge of a rough horizontal table. Particle QQ is held at rest on the table and particle PP hangs vertically below the pulley with the string taut, as shown in Figure 4.

The pulley, PP and QQ all lie in the same vertical plane.

The coefficient of friction between QQ and the table is μ\mu, where μ<1\mu<1.

Particle QQ is released from rest.

The tension in the string before QQ hits the pulley is kmgkmg, where kk is a constant.

(a) Find kk in terms of μ\mu.

(7)

Given that QQ is initially a distance dd from the pulley,

(b) find, in terms of dd, gg and μ\mu, the time taken by QQ, after release, to reach the pulley.

(4)

(c) Describe what would happen if μ≥1\mu\geq 1, giving a reason for your answer.

(2)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 mm 的质点 PP 连接在一根轻且不可伸长的细绳的一端。另一个质量同样为 mm 的质点 QQ 连接在绳的另一端。细绳绕过固定在粗糙水平桌面边缘的光滑小滑轮。如图 4 所示,质点 QQ 被保持静止在桌面上,质点 PP 竖直悬挂在滑轮下方,细绳绷紧。

滑轮、PP 和 QQ 均位于同一竖直平面内。

QQ 与桌面之间的摩擦系数为 μ\mu,其中 μ<1\mu<1。

质点 QQ 从静止释放。

在 QQ 碰到滑轮之前,绳中的张力为 kmgkmg,其中 kk 为常数。

(a) 用 μ\mu 表示 kk。

(7)

已知 QQ 起初距滑轮的距离为 dd,

(b) 用 dd、gg 和 μ\mu 表示 QQ 从释放到到达滑轮所需的时间。

(4)

(c) 描述若 μ≥1\mu\geq 1 会发生什么情况,并说明理由。

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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μ<1\mu<1 时,悬挂重力足以克服桌面最大摩擦力,PP 下落、QQ 向滑轮运动。分别列方程并消去共同加速度,求张力系数。

答题过程

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For QQ, vertical equilibrium gives R=mgR=mg. During motion, friction acts away from the pulley and has magnitude F=μmgF=\mu mg.

Let the common acceleration magnitude be aa. Taking downwards as positive for PP and towards the pulley as positive for QQ,

mg−kmg=ma,kmg−μmg=ma.mg-kmg=ma,\qquad kmg-\mu mg=ma.

Equating the right-hand sides and cancelling mgmg gives

1−k= k−μ,2k= 1+μ,k= 1+μ2.\begin{align*} 1-k=&\,k-\mu,\\ 2k=&\,1+\mu,\\ k=&\,\boxed{\frac{1+\mu}{2}}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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由悬挂粒子的方程与上一问的张力系数求加速度。系统从静止出发,QQ 的位移为 dd,用匀加速位移公式求正的时间。

答题过程

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Using the equation for PP and the value of kk from (a),

a=g(1−k)=g(1−1+μ2)=g(1−μ)2.a=g(1-k)=g\left(1-\frac{1+\mu}{2}\right)=\frac{g(1-\mu)}2.

Starting from rest, QQ travels distance dd in time tt, so

d= 12at2=g(1−μ)4t2,t= 4dg(1−μ).\begin{align*} d=&\,\frac12at^2=\frac{g(1-\mu)}4t^2,\\ t=&\,\boxed{\sqrt{\frac{4d}{g(1-\mu)}}}. \end{align*}

The positive root is taken, and 1−μ>01-\mu>0 by the given condition.

(c)

解法一

思路

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这时不能继续把运动阶段的摩擦力公式当作实际摩擦力。静止状态只需要摩擦力平衡张力;若最大静摩擦力足够大,系统保持静止。

答题过程

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The system would remain at rest.

For PP to remain at rest, the tension is T=mgT=mg. For QQ, the maximum available static friction is

Fmax⁡=μmg≥mg=T.F_{\max}=\mu mg\geq mg=T.

Static friction can therefore balance the tension on QQ, so neither particle starts to move.