题目
1.
A train travels along a straight horizontal track between two stations and .
The train starts from rest at station and accelerates uniformly for seconds until it reaches a speed of .
The train then travels at a constant speed of for minutes before decelerating uniformly until it comes to rest at station .
The magnitude of the acceleration of the train is twice the magnitude of the deceleration.
(a) On the axes below, sketch a speed-time graph to illustrate the motion of the train as it moves from station to station .
If you need to redraw your graph, use the axes on page 3
Stations and are apart.
(b) Find the value of .
(c) Find the acceleration of the train during the first seconds of its motion.
Only use these axes if you need to redraw your graph.
题目中文翻译
一列火车沿水平直轨道在车站 和 之间行驶。
火车从 站由静止出发,匀加速运动 秒,直至速率达到 。
随后火车以恒定速率 行驶 分钟,再做匀减速运动,直至在 站停下。
火车的加速度大小是减速度大小的两倍。
(a) 在下方坐标轴上画出速率—时间图像草图,表示火车从 站到 站的运动。
如果需要重画图像,请使用第 3 页的坐标轴。
、 两站相距 。
(b) 求 的值。
(c) 求火车在运动最初 秒内的加速度。
仅在需要重画图像时使用这些坐标轴。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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加速、减速的速率变化大小相同,减速度只有加速度的一半,因此减速时间是 。把三分钟换成 秒,标出三个阶段的分界时刻。
答题过程
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Let the initial acceleration be . Since and the deceleration magnitude is , the stopping time from speed 20 is
Draw a trapezium-shaped speed-time graph through the points
Join consecutive points with straight lines. The rising line is twice as steep as the falling line in absolute gradient. Label speed in and time in seconds.
(b)
解法一
思路
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总距离等于速率图下的面积。分别写加速三角形、匀速长方形和减速三角形的面积,距离单位统一为米。
答题过程
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The accelerating and decelerating intervals last and seconds respectively. The total distance is m, so
(c)
解法一
思路
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匀加速阶段从静止达到 ,把速率变化除以这一阶段的时间。
答题过程
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Using over the first 40 s,