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M1 2023 Jan Q4

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4.

A branch ABAB, of length 1.5 m1.5\,\mathrm{m}, rests horizontally in equilibrium on two supports.

The two supports are at the points CC and DD, where AC=0.24 mAC=0.24\,\mathrm{m} and DB=0.36 mDB=0.36\,\mathrm{m}, as shown in Figure 1.

When a force of 150 N150\,\mathrm{N} is applied vertically upwards at BB, the branch is on the point of tilting about CC.

When a force of 225 N225\,\mathrm{N} is applied vertically downwards at BB, the branch is on the point of tilting about DD.

The branch is modelled as a non-uniform rod ABAB of weight WW newtons.

The distance from the point CC to the centre of mass of the rod is xx metres.

Use the model to find

(i) the value of WW,

(ii) the value of xx.

(8)
题目中文翻译

一根长 1.5 m1.5\,\mathrm{m} 的树枝 ABAB 水平放置在两个支点上,并保持平衡。

如图 1 所示,两个支点分别位于 CC、DD 两点,其中 AC=0.24 mAC=0.24\,\mathrm{m},DB=0.36 mDB=0.36\,\mathrm{m}。

当在 BB 点施加一个 150 N150\,\mathrm{N} 的竖直向上的力时,树枝恰好要绕 CC 点倾斜。

当在 BB 点施加一个 225 N225\,\mathrm{N} 的竖直向下的力时,树枝恰好要绕 DD 点倾斜。

将树枝视为重 WW 牛顿的非均匀杆 ABAB。

CC 点到杆的质心的距离为 xx 米。

利用该模型,求

(i) WW 的值,

(ii) xx 的值。

(8)

解答

(i)

解法一

思路

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两种临界倾覆分别绕不同支点发生,另一支点的反作用力为零。分别绕当时的转轴取矩,建立含同一 WW、xx 的两式并相加消去 xx。

答题过程

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The support separation is CD=1.5−0.24−0.36=0.9CD=1.5-0.24-0.36=0.9 m, and CB=1.5−0.24=1.26CB=1.5-0.24=1.26 m.

When the upward force at BB is 150 N, the branch is about to tilt about CC, so the reaction at DD is zero. Taking moments about CC,

Wx=150(1.26)=189.(1)Wx=150(1.26)=189.\tag{1}

When the downward force at BB is 225 N, the reaction at CC is zero. Taking moments about DD,

W(0.9−x)=225(0.36)=81.(2)W(0.9-x)=225(0.36)=81.\tag{2}

Adding (1) and (2),

0.9W=270,W=300 N.0.9W=270,\qquad \boxed{W=300\ \mathrm N}.

(ii)

解法一

思路

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把已求出的重量代回第一种倾覆条件,所得距离是题目指定的从 CC 到重心的距离。

答题过程

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Using equation (1) from (i),

300x=189,x=0.63 m.300x=189,\qquad \boxed{x=0.63\ \mathrm m}.

This lies between CC and DD, consistently with the two tilting conditions.