题目
4.
A branch , of length , rests horizontally in equilibrium on two supports.
The two supports are at the points and , where and , as shown in Figure 1.
When a force of is applied vertically upwards at , the branch is on the point of tilting about .
When a force of is applied vertically downwards at , the branch is on the point of tilting about .
The branch is modelled as a non-uniform rod of weight newtons.
The distance from the point to the centre of mass of the rod is metres.
Use the model to find
(i) the value of ,
(ii) the value of .
题目中文翻译
一根长 的树枝 水平放置在两个支点上,并保持平衡。
如图 1 所示,两个支点分别位于 、 两点,其中 ,。
当在 点施加一个 的竖直向上的力时,树枝恰好要绕 点倾斜。
当在 点施加一个 的竖直向下的力时,树枝恰好要绕 点倾斜。
将树枝视为重 牛顿的非均匀杆 。
点到杆的质心的距离为 米。
利用该模型,求
(i) 的值,
(ii) 的值。
解答
(i)
解法一
思路
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两种临界倾覆分别绕不同支点发生,另一支点的反作用力为零。分别绕当时的转轴取矩,建立含同一 、 的两式并相加消去 。
答题过程
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The support separation is m, and m.
When the upward force at is 150 N, the branch is about to tilt about , so the reaction at is zero. Taking moments about ,
When the downward force at is 225 N, the reaction at is zero. Taking moments about ,
Adding (1) and (2),
(ii)
解法一
思路
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把已求出的重量代回第一种倾覆条件,所得距离是题目指定的从 到重心的距离。
答题过程
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Using equation (1) from (i),
This lies between and , consistently with the two tilting conditions.