题目
Problem
5.
Three points P, Q and R are on a horizontal road where PQR is a straight line.
The point Q is between P and R, with PQ=6x metres and QR=5x metres, as shown in Figure 2.
A vehicle moves along the road from P to Q with constant acceleration.
The vehicle is modelled as a particle.
At time t=0, the vehicle passes P with speed ums−1.
At time t=12s, the vehicle passes Q with speed 2ums−1.
Using the model,
(a) show that x=3u.
(2)
As the vehicle passes Q, the acceleration of the vehicle changes instantaneously to 1.5ms−2.
The vehicle continues to move with a constant acceleration of 1.5ms−2 and passes R with speed 3ums−1.
Using the model,
(b) find the value of u,
(3)
(c) find the distance travelled by the vehicle during the first 14 seconds after passing P.
(4)
题目中文翻译
水平公路上有 P、Q、R 三点,且 PQR 在同一直线上。
如图 2 所示,Q 位于 P 与 R 之间,PQ=6x 米,QR=5x 米。
一辆车沿公路从 P 到 Q 做匀加速运动。
将车辆视为质点。
在 t=0 时,车辆以速率 ums−1 经过 P 点。
在 t=12s 时,车辆以速率 2ums−1 经过 Q 点。
利用该模型,
(a) 证明 x=3u。
(2)
车辆经过 Q 点时,加速度瞬间变为 1.5ms−2。
随后车辆以恒定加速度 1.5ms−2 继续运动,并以速率 3ums−1 经过 R 点。
利用该模型,
(b) 求 u 的值,
(3)
(c) 求车辆经过 P 点后的最初 14 秒内行驶的路程。
(4)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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第一段是匀加速运动,平均速率等于首末速率的平均值。用平均速率乘 12 秒得到 PQ,即可推出所给关系。
答题过程
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From P to Q, the acceleration is constant. Therefore
PQ=2u+2u(12)=18u m.
Since PQ=6x m, 6x=18u, giving x=3u as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
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第二段加速度为 1.5,距离 QR=5x=15u。把上一问的关系代入速度平方公式,只保留 u 一个未知量。
答题过程
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From (a), QR=5x=15u m. Applying v2=u02+2as between Q and R,
(3u)2=5u2=(2u)2+2(1.5)(15u),45u.
Since u>0, divide by 5u to obtain u=9.
(c)
解法一
思路
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前 14 秒包括到 Q 的 12 秒,以及新加速度下的 2 秒。两段必须分开计算后相加。
答题过程
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The distance from P to Q is 18u=18(9)=162 m.
From t=12 to t=14, the elapsed time is 2 s and the initial speed is 2u=18 ms−1. The distance in this interval is
s=18(2)+21(1.5)(22)=39 m.
Thus the total distance in the first 14 s is 162+39=201 m.