题目
6.
A boat is pulled along a river at a constant speed by two ropes.
The banks of the river are parallel and the boat travels horizontally in a straight line, parallel to the riverbanks.
- The tension in the first rope is acting at an angle of to the direction of motion, as shown in Figure 3.
- The tension in the second rope is newtons, acting at an angle of to the direction of motion, also shown in Figure 3.
- The resistance to motion of the boat as it moves through the water is a constant force of magnitude .
The boat is modelled as a particle. The ropes are modelled as being light and lying in a horizontal plane.
Use the model to find
(i) the value of ,
(ii) the value of .
题目中文翻译
两根绳以恒定速率沿河牵引一艘船。
河岸互相平行,船沿平行于河岸的水平直线航行。
- 如图 3 所示,第一根绳中的张力为 ,与运动方向成 角。
- 如图 3 所示,第二根绳中的张力为 牛顿,与运动方向成 角。
- 船在水中运动时受到的运动阻力是大小为 的恒力。
将船视为质点,将绳视为位于同一水平面内的轻绳。
利用该模型,求
(i) 的值,
(ii) 的值。
解答
(i)
解法一
思路
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船沿直线匀速航行,所以水平合力为零。垂直航向的两个张力分量互相平衡,沿航向的分量之和抵消阻力;两式相除求角度。
答题过程
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The velocity is constant, so the resultant horizontal force is zero. Resolving perpendicular and parallel to the direction of motion gives
Both right-hand sides are positive, so is acute. Dividing,
Hence (3 s.f.).
解法二
思路
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平衡的三个水平力可首尾相接形成力三角形。先用余弦定理求第二根绳张力,再用余弦定理求夹角,避免正弦定理的补角疑义。
答题过程
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The two tensions have a resultant of magnitude 900 N along the direction of motion. In the corresponding force triangle,
Thus N. The same triangle gives
so
Therefore (3 s.f.).
(ii)
解法一
思路
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用上一问未舍入的角度代入垂直航向平衡方程,避免提前舍入角度。
答题过程
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Using and the unrounded angle ,
Hence (3 s.f.).
解法二
思路
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在力三角形中,已知边 、 及其夹角 ,余弦定理可直接给出所求张力。
答题过程
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Using the force triangle,