题目
8.
A parcel of mass is pulled up a rough inclined plane by the action of a constant force.
The force has magnitude and acts at an angle of to the plane.
The line of action of the force lies in a vertical plane containing a line of greatest slope of the inclined plane.
The plane is inclined at an angle of to the horizontal, as shown in Figure 5.
The coefficient of friction between the plane and the parcel is .
The parcel is modelled as a particle .
(a) Find the acceleration of .
The points and lie on a line of greatest slope of the plane, where and is above . Particle passes through with speed in the direction .
(b) Find the speed of as it passes through .
The force of is removed at the instant passes through . As a result, comes to rest at the point .
(c) Determine whether will remain at rest at . You must show all stages of your working clearly.
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的包裹在恒力作用下沿粗糙斜面向上运动。
该力的大小为 ,与斜面成 角。
该力的作用线位于包含斜面一条最大坡度线的竖直平面内。
如图 5 所示,斜面与水平面成 角。
斜面与包裹之间的摩擦系数为 。
将包裹视为质点 。
(a) 求 的加速度。
、 两点位于斜面的一条最大坡度线上,其中 , 位于 上方。质点 以速率 沿 方向经过 点。
(b) 求 经过 点时的速率。
在 经过 点的瞬间,移去 的力。随后 在 点静止。
(c) 判断 是否会在 点保持静止。必须清楚展示计算的所有步骤。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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外力与斜面的夹角为 ,不是与水平的夹角。它向外的分量减小支持力,滑动摩擦力沿斜面向下;先求支持力,再列沿斜面的运动方程。
答题过程
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Resolving perpendicular to the plane,
so N.
The parcel is moving up the plane, so friction acts down the plane with magnitude .
Taking up the plane as positive,
Using the unrounded value of gives
(b)
解法一
思路
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外力仍作用于从 到 的全过程,因此这段加速度恒定。用未舍入加速度代入速度平方公式。
答题过程
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Using between and , with the unrounded acceleration ,
Taking the positive root, the speed at is (3 s.f.).
(c)
解法一
思路
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外力移除后,支持力发生变化,必须重新计算。判断能否停住要比较沿斜面的重力分量与最大静摩擦力,不能沿用上滑时的摩擦力。
答题过程
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After the 18 N force is removed, the normal reaction is
At , the maximum available static friction is
The component of weight down the plane is
Since , even the maximum upward friction cannot balance the downward component of weight.
Therefore will not remain at rest at ; it will start to slide down the plane.