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M1 2023 Jan Q8

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

8.

A parcel of mass 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg} is pulled up a rough inclined plane by the action of a constant force.

The force has magnitude 18 N18\,\mathrm{N} and acts at an angle of 40∘40^\circ to the plane.

The line of action of the force lies in a vertical plane containing a line of greatest slope of the inclined plane.

The plane is inclined at an angle of 30∘30^\circ to the horizontal, as shown in Figure 5.

The coefficient of friction between the plane and the parcel is 0.30.3.

The parcel is modelled as a particle PP.

(a) Find the acceleration of PP.

(8)

The points AA and BB lie on a line of greatest slope of the plane, where AB=5 mAB=5\,\mathrm{m} and BB is above AA. Particle PP passes through AA with speed 2 m s−12\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} in the direction ABAB.

(b) Find the speed of PP as it passes through BB.

(3)

The force of 18 N18\,\mathrm{N} is removed at the instant PP passes through BB. As a result, PP comes to rest at the point CC.

(c) Determine whether PP will remain at rest at CC. You must show all stages of your working clearly.

(4)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg} 的包裹在恒力作用下沿粗糙斜面向上运动。

该力的大小为 18 N18\,\mathrm{N},与斜面成 40∘40^\circ 角。

该力的作用线位于包含斜面一条最大坡度线的竖直平面内。

如图 5 所示,斜面与水平面成 30∘30^\circ 角。

斜面与包裹之间的摩擦系数为 0.30.3。

将包裹视为质点 PP。

(a) 求 PP 的加速度。

(8)

AA、BB 两点位于斜面的一条最大坡度线上,其中 AB=5 mAB=5\,\mathrm{m},BB 位于 AA 上方。质点 PP 以速率 2 m s−12\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 沿 ABAB 方向经过 AA 点。

(b) 求 PP 经过 BB 点时的速率。

(3)

在 PP 经过 BB 点的瞬间,移去 18 N18\,\mathrm{N} 的力。随后 PP 在 CC 点静止。

(c) 判断 PP 是否会在 CC 点保持静止。必须清楚展示计算的所有步骤。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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外力与斜面的夹角为 40∘40^\circ,不是与水平的夹角。它向外的分量减小支持力,滑动摩擦力沿斜面向下;先求支持力,再列沿斜面的运动方程。

答题过程

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Resolving perpendicular to the plane,

R+18sin⁡40∘=2gcos⁡30∘,R+18\sin40^\circ=2g\cos30^\circ,

so R=2gcos⁡30∘−18sin⁡40∘=5.403920…R=2g\cos30^\circ-18\sin40^\circ=5.403920\ldots N.

The parcel is moving up the plane, so friction acts down the plane with magnitude F=0.3RF=0.3R.

Taking up the plane as positive,

18cos⁡40∘−F−2gsin⁡30∘= 2a,18cos⁡40∘−0.3R−2gsin⁡30∘= 2a.\begin{align*} 18\cos40^\circ-F-2g\sin30^\circ=&\,2a,\\ 18\cos40^\circ-0.3R-2g\sin30^\circ=&\,2a. \end{align*}

Using the unrounded value of RR gives

a=1.18 m s−2 up the plane(3 s.f.).\boxed{a=1.18\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}\text{ up the plane}}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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外力仍作用于从 AA 到 BB 的全过程,因此这段加速度恒定。用未舍入加速度代入速度平方公式。

答题过程

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Using v2=u2+2asv^2=u^2+2as between AA and BB, with the unrounded acceleration a=1.183811847… m s−2a=1.183811847\ldots\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-2}},

v2=22+2a(5).v^2=2^2+2a(5).

Taking the positive root, the speed at BB is v=3.98 m s−1\boxed{v=3.98\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}} (3 s.f.).

(c)

解法一

思路

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外力移除后,支持力发生变化,必须重新计算。判断能否停住要比较沿斜面的重力分量与最大静摩擦力,不能沿用上滑时的摩擦力。

答题过程

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After the 18 N force is removed, the normal reaction is

R′=2gcos⁡30∘=9.83 N.R'=2g\cos30^\circ=9.8\sqrt3\ \mathrm N.

At CC, the maximum available static friction is

Fmax⁡=0.3R′=0.3(9.83)=5.092… N.F_{\max}=0.3R'=0.3(9.8\sqrt3)=5.092\ldots\ \mathrm N.

The component of weight down the plane is

2gsin⁡30∘=9.8 N.2g\sin30^\circ=9.8\ \mathrm N.

Since 9.8>Fmax⁡9.8>F_{\max}, even the maximum upward friction cannot balance the downward component of weight.

Therefore PP will not remain at rest at CC; it will start to slide down the plane.