题目
1.
A particle has mass and a particle has mass .
The particles move towards each other in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal table and collide directly.
Immediately before the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is .
Immediately after the collision, the speed of is .
The direction of motion of is reversed by the collision.
(a) Find, in terms of , the speed of immediately after the collision.
(b) State the direction of motion of immediately after the collision.
(c) Find, in terms of , the magnitude of the impulse received by in the collision. State the units of your answer.
题目中文翻译
质点 的质量为 ,质点 的质量为 。
两质点在光滑水平桌面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。
碰撞前一瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞后瞬间, 的速率为 。
碰撞使 的运动方向反转。
(a) 用 表示碰撞后瞬间 的速率。
(b) 说明碰撞后瞬间 的运动方向。
(c) 用 表示碰撞过程中 所受冲量的大小,并写出答案的单位。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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以 碰前方向为正。 已反向,所以它碰后速度为正;用总动量守恒求 的有符号速度,最后取大小。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of as positive. Before impact the velocities are and ; after impact has velocity .
Let the final velocity of be . Conserving momentum,
Thus the speed of is .
(b)
解法一
思路
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负速度表示 碰后相对于原运动方向反向,要明确说出方向反转。
答题过程
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Since , moves in the direction opposite to its original direction: its direction of motion is reversed.
(c)
解法一
思路
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的速度从负变正,冲量等于它的动量变化,并应保留牛顿秒单位。
答题过程
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The impulse on is
Hence its magnitude is .
解法二
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可先求 所受冲量,再利用相互作用的两个冲量等大反向。
答题过程
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The impulse on is
Therefore the impulse on has magnitude .