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M1 2023 June Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2023 June Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

A particle AA has mass 4 kg4\,\mathrm{kg} and a particle BB has mass 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg}.

The particles move towards each other in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal table and collide directly.

Immediately before the collision, the speed of AA is 2u m s−12u\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} and the speed of BB is 3u m s−13u\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

Immediately after the collision, the speed of BB is 2u m s−12u\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

The direction of motion of BB is reversed by the collision.

(a) Find, in terms of uu, the speed of AA immediately after the collision.

(3)

(b) State the direction of motion of AA immediately after the collision.

(1)

(c) Find, in terms of uu, the magnitude of the impulse received by BB in the collision. State the units of your answer.

(3)
题目中文翻译

质点 AA 的质量为 4 kg4\,\mathrm{kg},质点 BB 的质量为 2 kg2\,\mathrm{kg}。

两质点在光滑水平桌面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。

碰撞前一瞬间,AA 的速率为 2u m s−12u\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}},BB 的速率为 3u m s−13u\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。

碰撞后瞬间,BB 的速率为 2u m s−12u\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。

碰撞使 BB 的运动方向反转。

(a) 用 uu 表示碰撞后瞬间 AA 的速率。

(3)

(b) 说明碰撞后瞬间 AA 的运动方向。

(1)

(c) 用 uu 表示碰撞过程中 BB 所受冲量的大小,并写出答案的单位。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

以 AA 碰前方向为正。BB 已反向,所以它碰后速度为正;用总动量守恒求 AA 的有符号速度,最后取大小。

答题过程

展开

Take the initial direction of AA as positive. Before impact the velocities are 2u2u and −3u-3u; after impact BB has velocity 2u2u.

Let the final velocity of AA be vv. Conserving momentum,

4(2u)+2(−3u)= 4v+2(2u),2u= 4v+4u,v= −u2.\begin{align*} 4(2u)+2(-3u)=&\,4v+2(2u),\\ 2u=&\,4v+4u,\\ v=&\,-\frac u2. \end{align*}

Thus the speed of AA is u2 m s−1\boxed{\dfrac u2\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

负速度表示 AA 碰后相对于原运动方向反向,要明确说出方向反转。

答题过程

展开

Since v=−u/2v=-u/2, AA moves in the direction opposite to its original direction: its direction of motion is reversed.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

BB 的速度从负变正,冲量等于它的动量变化,并应保留牛顿秒单位。

答题过程

展开

The impulse on BB is

IB=2(2u−(−3u))=10u N s.I_B=2\bigl(2u-(-3u)\bigr)=10u\ \mathrm{N\,s}.

Hence its magnitude is 10u N s\boxed{10u\ \mathrm{N\,s}}.

解法二

思路

展开

可先求 AA 所受冲量,再利用相互作用的两个冲量等大反向。

答题过程

展开

The impulse on AA is

IA=4(−u2−2u)=−10u N s.I_A=4\left(-\frac u2-2u\right)=-10u\ \mathrm{N\,s}.

Therefore the impulse on BB has magnitude 10u N s\boxed{10u\ \mathrm{N\,s}}.