题目
3.
Two students observe a book of mass fall vertically from rest from a shelf that is above the floor.
Student suggests that the book is modelled as a particle falling freely under gravity.
(a) Use student ‘s model to find the time taken for the book to reach the floor.
Student suggests an improved model where the book is modelled as a particle experiencing a constant resistance to motion of magnitude newtons.
Given that the time taken for the book to reach the floor is seconds,
(b) use student ‘s model to find the value of .
题目中文翻译
两名学生观察一本质量为 的书,从离地板 高的书架上由静止竖直下落。
学生 建议将书视为仅在重力作用下下落的质点。
(a) 使用学生 的模型,求书到达地板所需的时间。
学生 提出一个改进模型,将书视为受到大小为 牛顿的恒定运动阻力的质点。
已知书到达地板所需的时间为 秒,
(b) 使用学生 的模型,求 的值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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自由落体模型从静止开始,加速度为 。取向下为正,用位移公式求时间并取正根。
答题过程
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Taking downwards as positive, use with and :
Therefore the time is
(b)
解法一
思路
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第二个模型的加速度不再是 。先用实测时间和距离求恒定加速度,再用重力减阻力等于质量乘加速度求 。
答题过程
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Let the downward acceleration be . Starting from rest,
The resistance acts upwards. Taking downwards as positive, Newton’s second law gives