题目
4.
Figure 1 shows a beam , of mass and length , suspended by two light vertical ropes.
The ropes are attached to the points and on the beam, where and .
The beam is in equilibrium in a horizontal position.
A particle of mass is attached to the beam at and the beam remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position.
The beam is modelled as a uniform rod.
(a) Given that the tension in the rope attached at is four times the tension in the rope attached at , use the model to find the exact value of .
The particle of mass at is removed and replaced by a particle of mass at .
The beam remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position but is now on the point of tilting.
(b) Using the model, find the exact value of .
(c) State how you have used the modelling assumption that the beam is uniform.
题目中文翻译
图 1 显示一根质量为 、长 的梁 ,由两根竖直轻绳悬挂。
绳连接在梁上的 、 两点,其中 ,。
梁水平平衡。
在梁的 点连接一个质量为 的质点,梁仍保持水平平衡。
将梁视为均匀杆。
(a) 已知连接在 点的绳中张力是连接在 点的绳中张力的四倍,利用该模型求 的精确值。
移去 点质量为 的质点,换成一个位于 点、质量为 的质点。
梁仍保持水平平衡,但此时恰好要倾斜。
(b) 利用该模型,求 的精确值。
(c) 说明如何使用了“梁是均匀的”这一建模假设。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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设 处张力为 , 处就是 。均匀梁的重力作用在中点;绕 取矩先求张力,再用竖直平衡求 。
答题过程
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Let the tensions at and be and respectively. The beam’s weight acts at its midpoint, 1 m from , and m.
Taking moments about ,
Vertical equilibrium gives
(b)
解法一
思路
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增加左端质量会使右侧 处绳子变松。临界倾覆时 处张力为零,绕 取矩便可直接求 。
答题过程
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At the point of tilting, the tension at is zero and the beam is about to tilt about .
The midpoint is m to the right of . Taking moments about ,
Thus .
(c)
解法一
思路
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均匀模型用于确定重心位置,说明整根梁的重力作用在中点即可。
答题过程
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The beam’s centre of mass was taken to be its midpoint, so its weight acts 1 m from .