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M1 2023 June Q4

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2023 June Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4.

Figure 1 shows a beam ABAB, of mass m kgm\,\mathrm{kg} and length 2 m2\,\mathrm{m}, suspended by two light vertical ropes.

The ropes are attached to the points CC and DD on the beam, where AC=0.6 mAC=0.6\,\mathrm{m} and DB=0.2 mDB=0.2\,\mathrm{m}.

The beam is in equilibrium in a horizontal position.

A particle of mass pm kgpm\,\mathrm{kg} is attached to the beam at AA and the beam remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position.

The beam is modelled as a uniform rod.

(a) Given that the tension in the rope attached at CC is four times the tension in the rope attached at DD, use the model to find the exact value of pp.

(7)

The particle of mass pm kgpm\,\mathrm{kg} at AA is removed and replaced by a particle of mass qm kgqm\,\mathrm{kg} at AA.

The beam remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position but is now on the point of tilting.

(b) Using the model, find the exact value of qq.

(4)

(c) State how you have used the modelling assumption that the beam is uniform.

(1)
题目中文翻译

图 1 显示一根质量为 m kgm\,\mathrm{kg}、长 2 m2\,\mathrm{m} 的梁 ABAB,由两根竖直轻绳悬挂。

绳连接在梁上的 CC、DD 两点,其中 AC=0.6 mAC=0.6\,\mathrm{m},DB=0.2 mDB=0.2\,\mathrm{m}。

梁水平平衡。

在梁的 AA 点连接一个质量为 pm kgpm\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点,梁仍保持水平平衡。

将梁视为均匀杆。

(a) 已知连接在 CC 点的绳中张力是连接在 DD 点的绳中张力的四倍,利用该模型求 pp 的精确值。

(7)

移去 AA 点质量为 pm kgpm\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点,换成一个位于 AA 点、质量为 qm kgqm\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点。

梁仍保持水平平衡,但此时恰好要倾斜。

(b) 利用该模型,求 qq 的精确值。

(4)

(c) 说明如何使用了“梁是均匀的”这一建模假设。

(1)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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设 DD 处张力为 TT,CC 处就是 4T4T。均匀梁的重力作用在中点;绕 AA 取矩先求张力,再用竖直平衡求 pp。

答题过程

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Let the tensions at DD and CC be TT and 4T4T respectively. The beam’s weight acts at its midpoint, 1 m from AA, and AD=1.8AD=1.8 m.

Taking moments about AA,

4T(0.6)+T(1.8)= mg(1),4.2T= mg,T= 5mg21.\begin{align*} 4T(0.6)+T(1.8)=&\,mg(1),\\ 4.2T=&\,mg,\\ T=&\,\frac{5mg}{21}. \end{align*}

Vertical equilibrium gives

5T= (p+1)mg,25mg21= (p+1)mg,p= 421.\begin{align*} 5T=&\,(p+1)mg,\\ \frac{25mg}{21}=&\,(p+1)mg,\\ p=&\,\boxed{\frac4{21}}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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增加左端质量会使右侧 DD 处绳子变松。临界倾覆时 DD 处张力为零,绕 CC 取矩便可直接求 qq。

答题过程

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At the point of tilting, the tension at DD is zero and the beam is about to tilt about CC.

The midpoint is 1−0.6=0.41-0.6=0.4 m to the right of CC. Taking moments about CC,

qmg(0.6)=mg(0.4).qmg(0.6)=mg(0.4).

Thus q=23\boxed{q=\dfrac23}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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均匀模型用于确定重心位置,说明整根梁的重力作用在中点即可。

答题过程

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The beam’s centre of mass was taken to be its midpoint, so its weight acts 1 m from AA.