题目
2.
Two fixed points, and , are on a straight horizontal road.
The acceleration-time graph in Figure 2 represents the motion of a car travelling along the road as it moves from to .
At time , the car passes through with speed
At time , the car passes through with speed
(a) Show that
(b) Sketch a speed-time graph for the motion of the car from to .
(c) Find the distance .
题目中文翻译
水平直路上有两个固定点 和 。
图 2 的加速度—时间图像表示汽车沿公路从 行驶至 的运动情况。
在 时,汽车以 的速率经过 。
在 时,汽车以 的速率经过 。
(a) 证明 。
(b) 画出汽车从 行驶至 的速率—时间图像草图。
(c) 求距离 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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加速度图下的有符号面积给出速度变化。先求第 4 秒末的速度,再经过零加速度段及最后的加速段。
答题过程
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From to ,
From to the acceleration is zero, so the speed remains . Hence at ,
as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
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每段加速度恒定,所以速率图由直线段组成;中间一段水平,速率连续,没有竖直跳跃。
答题过程
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Draw time (s) horizontally and speed () vertically. Join the points
with consecutive straight segments. The middle segment is horizontal. Label the times 4, 10, 20 and speeds 6, 8, 18 clearly; there are no vertical jumps.
(c)
解法一
思路
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速率始终为正,路程就是速率图下的面积。把三段分别看成梯形、长方形、梯形。
答题过程
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The distance is the total area under the speed-time graph: