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M1 2023 Oct Q5

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2023 Oct Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

5.

A small ring of mass 0.2 kg0.2\,\mathrm{kg} is attached to one end of a light inextensible string.

The ring is threaded onto a fixed rough vertical rod.

The string is taut and makes an angle θ\theta with the rod, as shown in Figure 3, where tan⁡θ=125\tan\theta=\frac{12}{5}

Given that the ring is in equilibrium and that the tension in the string is 10 N10\,\mathrm{N},

(a) find the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the ring,

(3)

(b) state the direction of the frictional force acting on the ring.

(1)

The coefficient of friction between the ring and the rod is 14\frac14

Given that the ring is in equilibrium, and that the tension in the string, TT newtons, can now vary,

(c) (i) find the minimum value of TT

(ii) find the maximum value of TT

(8)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 0.2 kg0.2\,\mathrm{kg} 的小环连接于一根不可伸长的轻绳的一端。

小环套在一根固定的粗糙竖直杆上。

如图 3 所示,绳绷紧并与杆成 θ\theta 角,其中 tan⁡θ=125\tan\theta=\frac{12}{5}。

已知小环处于平衡状态,绳中的张力为 10 N10\,\mathrm{N},

(a) 求作用在小环上的摩擦力大小,

(3)

(b) 说明作用在小环上的摩擦力方向。

(1)

小环与杆之间的摩擦系数为 14\frac14。

已知小环处于平衡状态,且绳中的张力 TT 牛顿现在可以改变,

(c) (i) 求 TT 的最小值,

(ii) 求 TT 的最大值。

(8)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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角度从竖直杆量起,所以张力竖直分量为 10cos⁡θ10\cos\theta。该分量大于重力,实际静摩擦向下;本问无需假定临界摩擦。

答题过程

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Since tan⁡θ=12/5\tan\theta=12/5,

sin⁡θ=1213,cos⁡θ=513.\sin\theta=\frac{12}{13},\qquad \cos\theta=\frac5{13}.

The upward component of tension is 50/1350/13 N, exceeding the weight 0.2g=1.960.2g=1.96 N. Therefore friction acts downwards. Vertical equilibrium gives

F=5013−1.96=1.88615… N.F=\frac{50}{13}-1.96=1.88615\ldots\ \mathrm N.

The frictional force has magnitude 1.89 N\boxed{1.89\ \mathrm N} (3 s.f.).

(b)

解法一

思路

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摩擦阻止小环向上的运动趋势,所以方向沿杆向下。

答题过程

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The frictional force acts vertically downwards\boxed{\text{vertically downwards}} along the rod.

(c)(i)

解法一

思路

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张力最小时,小环有向下滑动的趋势,临界摩擦向上。张力改变会使水平支持力也改变,因此要重新写 R=Tsin⁡θR=T\sin\theta。

答题过程

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Let RR be the normal reaction of the rod. Resolving horizontally,

R=Tsin⁡θ=12T13.R=T\sin\theta=\frac{12T}{13}.

For the minimum tension, the ring is on the point of slipping downwards. Friction is upwards and has limiting magnitude

F=14R=3T13.F=\frac14R=\frac{3T}{13}.

Vertical equilibrium gives

Tcos⁡θ+F= 0.2g,5T13+3T13= 0.2g,T= 0.325g=3.185 N.\begin{align*} T\cos\theta+F=&\,0.2g,\\ \frac{5T}{13}+\frac{3T}{13}=&\,0.2g,\\ T=&\,0.325g=3.185\ \mathrm N. \end{align*}

Hence the minimum tension is 3.19 N\boxed{3.19\ \mathrm N} (3 s.f.).

(c)(ii)

解法一

思路

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张力最大时,小环有向上滑动的趋势,临界摩擦向下。支持力仍应随当前张力计算。

答题过程

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For the maximum tension, the ring is on the point of slipping upwards. Friction is downwards with magnitude

F=14R=3T13.F=\frac14R=\frac{3T}{13}.

Vertical equilibrium now gives

Tcos⁡θ−F= 0.2g,5T13−3T13= 0.2g,T= 1.3g=12.74 N.\begin{align*} T\cos\theta-F=&\,0.2g,\\ \frac{5T}{13}-\frac{3T}{13}=&\,0.2g,\\ T=&\,1.3g=12.74\ \mathrm N. \end{align*}

Hence the maximum tension is 12.7 N\boxed{12.7\ \mathrm N} (3 s.f.).