题目
5.
A beam has mass and length .
The beam rests on supports at and where and , as shown in Figure 4.
A person of mass stands on the beam between and .
The person is modelled as a particle at the point , where metres and
The beam is modelled as a uniform rod resting in equilibrium in a horizontal position.
Using the model,
(a) show that the magnitude of the reaction at is .
The magnitude of the reaction at is four times the magnitude of the reaction at .
Using the model,
(b) find the value of
The person steps off the beam and places a package of mass at .
The package is modelled as a particle at the point .
The beam is now on the point of tilting about .
Using the model,
(c) find the value of
题目中文翻译
图 4 显示了一根质量为 、长度为 的梁 。
梁支在 和 处的支座上,其中 且 。
一个质量为 的人站在梁上的 和 之间。
此人被模型化为点 处的质点,其中 米,且 。
梁被模型化为在水平位置保持平衡的均匀细杆。
利用该模型,
(a) 证明
处支持力的大小为 。
处支持力的大小是 处支持力大小的四倍。
利用该模型,
(b) 求 的值。
该人步下梁,并将一个质量为 的包裹放置在 处。
包裹被模型化为点 处的质点。
此时梁恰好要绕 倾覆。
利用该模型,
(c) 求 的值。
解答
(a)
解法一
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支座间距为 2.2 m,均匀梁的重心距 为 1.1 m。绕 取矩可直接消去该处支持力;本问不能提前使用下一问的四倍关系。
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Let the upward reactions be and . The beam’s weight acts at its midpoint. Since m, the person’s distance from is m, and the midpoint is 1.1 m from .
Taking moments about ,
Dividing by 2.2 gives
as required.
(b)
解法一
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现在才使用 ,结合竖直平衡消去两个支持力,并代入上一问的表达式。
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Since , we have . Vertical equilibrium gives
(c)
解法一
思路
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人已离开,不能再计其重力。恰好绕 倾覆时, 处支持力为零;包裹与梁自身重力对 的力矩平衡。
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At the point of tilting about , the reaction at is zero. The person is no longer on the beam.
Taking moments about , the package is 0.4 m to the left and the midpoint is 1.1 m to the right:
Therefore