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M1 2024 Jan Q8

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

8.

A fixed rough plane is inclined at an angle α\alpha to the horizontal, where tan⁡α=512\tan\alpha=\frac5{12}

A small smooth pulley is fixed at the top of the plane.

One end of a light inextensible string is attached to a particle PP which is at rest on the plane. The string passes over the pulley and the other end of the string is attached to a particle QQ which hangs vertically below the pulley, as shown in Figure 5.

Particle PP has mass mm and particle QQ has mass 0.5m0.5m

The string from PP to the pulley lies along a line of greatest slope of the plane.

The coefficient of friction between PP and the plane is μ\mu.

The system is in limiting equilibrium with the string taut and PP is on the point of slipping up the plane.

(a) Find the value of μ\mu.

(8)

The string breaks and PP begins to move down the plane.

When particle PP has travelled a distance of 0.8 m0.8\,\mathrm{m} down the plane, the speed of PP is V m s−1V\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}

(b) Find the value of VV.

(4)
题目中文翻译

一个固定的粗糙斜面与水平面成 α\alpha 角,其中 tan⁡α=512\tan\alpha=\frac5{12}。

一个小光滑滑轮固定在斜面的顶端。

一根不可伸长的轻绳的一端连接于静止在斜面上的质点 PP。绳跨过滑轮,另一端连接于竖直悬挂在滑轮下方的质点 QQ,如图 5 所示。

质点 PP 的质量为 mm,质点 QQ 的质量为 0.5m0.5m。

从 PP 到滑轮的一段绳沿斜面的最大坡度线放置。

PP 与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 μ\mu。

系统处于极限平衡状态,绳绷紧,PP 恰好要沿斜面向上滑动。

(a) 求 μ\mu 的值。

(8)

绳断裂后,PP 开始沿斜面向下运动。

质点 PP 沿斜面向下运动 0.8 m0.8\,\mathrm{m} 后,其速率为 V m s−1V\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。

(b) 求 VV 的值。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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PP 即将向上滑动,所以摩擦力向下;QQ 静止给出张力。联立 PP 的垂直及沿斜面平衡与临界摩擦公式,质量和重力因子会约去。

答题过程

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Since tan⁡α=5/12\tan\alpha=5/12,

sin⁡α=513,cos⁡α=1213.\sin\alpha=\frac5{13},\qquad \cos\alpha=\frac{12}{13}.

For PP, resolving perpendicular to the plane gives

R=mgcos⁡α=12mg13.R=mg\cos\alpha=\frac{12mg}{13}.

Particle QQ is in equilibrium, so T=0.5mgT=0.5mg. Because PP is on the point of slipping up the plane, limiting friction acts down the plane and F=μRF=\mu R. Resolving along the plane,

T= mgsin⁡α+F,0.5mg= 5mg13+μ12mg13,12= 513+12μ13,12μ13= 326,μ= 18.\begin{align*} T=&\,mg\sin\alpha+F,\\ 0.5mg=&\,\frac{5mg}{13}+\mu\frac{12mg}{13},\\ \frac12=&\,\frac5{13}+\frac{12\mu}{13},\\ \frac{12\mu}{13}=&\,\frac3{26},\\ \mu=&\,\boxed{\frac18}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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绳断后张力为零,PP 向下运动,因此摩擦改向上。支持力不变,因为原张力平行斜面。先求新的加速度,再求下滑 0.8 m 后的速率。

答题过程

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After the string breaks, T=0T=0 and PP moves down the plane, so friction acts up the plane. The normal reaction remains 12mg/1312mg/13. Hence

F=μR=1812mg13=3mg26.F=\mu R=\frac18\frac{12mg}{13}=\frac{3mg}{26}.

Taking down the plane as positive,

mgsin⁡α−F= ma,5mg13−3mg26= ma,a= 7g26.\begin{align*} mg\sin\alpha-F=&\,ma,\\ \frac{5mg}{13}-\frac{3mg}{26}=&\,ma,\\ a=&\,\frac{7g}{26}. \end{align*}

Starting from rest and travelling 0.8 m,

V2=02+2(7g26)(0.8).V^2=0^2+2\left(\frac{7g}{26}\right)(0.8).

Thus

V=11.2(9.8)26=2.05(3 s.f.).V=\sqrt{\frac{11.2(9.8)}{26}} =\boxed{2.05}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.