题目
8.
A fixed rough plane is inclined at an angle to the horizontal, where
A small smooth pulley is fixed at the top of the plane.
One end of a light inextensible string is attached to a particle which is at rest on the plane. The string passes over the pulley and the other end of the string is attached to a particle which hangs vertically below the pulley, as shown in Figure 5.
Particle has mass and particle has mass
The string from to the pulley lies along a line of greatest slope of the plane.
The coefficient of friction between and the plane is .
The system is in limiting equilibrium with the string taut and is on the point of slipping up the plane.
(a) Find the value of .
The string breaks and begins to move down the plane.
When particle has travelled a distance of down the plane, the speed of is
(b) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一个固定的粗糙斜面与水平面成 角,其中 。
一个小光滑滑轮固定在斜面的顶端。
一根不可伸长的轻绳的一端连接于静止在斜面上的质点 。绳跨过滑轮,另一端连接于竖直悬挂在滑轮下方的质点 ,如图 5 所示。
质点 的质量为 ,质点 的质量为 。
从 到滑轮的一段绳沿斜面的最大坡度线放置。
与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 。
系统处于极限平衡状态,绳绷紧, 恰好要沿斜面向上滑动。
(a) 求 的值。
绳断裂后, 开始沿斜面向下运动。
质点 沿斜面向下运动 后,其速率为 。
(b) 求 的值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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即将向上滑动,所以摩擦力向下; 静止给出张力。联立 的垂直及沿斜面平衡与临界摩擦公式,质量和重力因子会约去。
答题过程
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Since ,
For , resolving perpendicular to the plane gives
Particle is in equilibrium, so . Because is on the point of slipping up the plane, limiting friction acts down the plane and . Resolving along the plane,
(b)
解法一
思路
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绳断后张力为零, 向下运动,因此摩擦改向上。支持力不变,因为原张力平行斜面。先求新的加速度,再求下滑 0.8 m 后的速率。
答题过程
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After the string breaks, and moves down the plane, so friction acts up the plane. The normal reaction remains . Hence
Taking down the plane as positive,
Starting from rest and travelling 0.8 m,
Thus