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M1 2024 June Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2024 June Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

Two particles, AA and BB, have masses mm and 3m3m respectively. The particles are connected by a light inextensible string. Initially AA and BB are at rest on a smooth horizontal plane with the string slack.

Particle AA is then projected along the plane away from BB with speed UU.

Given that the common speed of the particles immediately after the string becomes taut is SS

(a) find SS in terms of UU.

(2)

(b) Find, in terms of mm and UU, the magnitude of the impulse exerted on AA immediately after the string becomes taut.

(3)
题目中文翻译

两质点 AA 和 BB 的质量分别为 mm 和 3m3m,由一根不可伸长的轻绳相连。最初 AA 和 BB 静止在光滑水平面上,绳处于松弛状态。

随后将质点 AA 以速率 UU 沿水平面向远离 BB 的方向投射。

已知绳绷紧后瞬间,两质点的共同速率为 SS,

(a) 用 UU 表示 SS。

(2)

(b) 用 mm 和 UU 表示绳绷紧后瞬间作用在 AA 上的冲量大小。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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绳绷紧时的冲量是系统内力,光滑水平面上总动量守恒。碰后两物体共同运动,总质量为 4m4m。

答题过程

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Take the initial direction of AA as positive. During the impulsive tightening of the string, total horizontal momentum is conserved:

mU+3m(0)=mS+3mS.mU+3m(0)=mS+3mS.

Cancelling mm gives

U=4S,S=U4.U=4S,\qquad \boxed{S=\frac U4}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先求 AA 的有符号动量变化,再取冲量大小;它的速率从 UU 降至 U/4U/4。

答题过程

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The impulse on AA is

IA=m(U4−U)=−34mU.I_A=m\left(\frac U4-U\right)=-\frac34mU.

Hence its magnitude is 34mU\boxed{\dfrac34mU}.

解法二

思路

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也可由原来静止的 BB 求冲量,再利用绳对两粒子的冲量等大反向。

答题过程

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The impulse on BB is

IB=3m(U4−0)=34mU.I_B=3m\left(\frac U4-0\right)=\frac34mU.

The impulse on AA has the same magnitude, so the answer is 34mU\boxed{\dfrac34mU}.