题目
1.
Two particles, and , have masses and respectively. The particles are connected by a light inextensible string. Initially and are at rest on a smooth horizontal plane with the string slack.
Particle is then projected along the plane away from with speed .
Given that the common speed of the particles immediately after the string becomes taut is
(a) find in terms of .
(b) Find, in terms of and , the magnitude of the impulse exerted on immediately after the string becomes taut.
题目中文翻译
两质点 和 的质量分别为 和 ,由一根不可伸长的轻绳相连。最初 和 静止在光滑水平面上,绳处于松弛状态。
随后将质点 以速率 沿水平面向远离 的方向投射。
已知绳绷紧后瞬间,两质点的共同速率为 ,
(a) 用 表示 。
(b) 用 和 表示绳绷紧后瞬间作用在 上的冲量大小。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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绳绷紧时的冲量是系统内力,光滑水平面上总动量守恒。碰后两物体共同运动,总质量为 。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of as positive. During the impulsive tightening of the string, total horizontal momentum is conserved:
Cancelling gives
(b)
解法一
思路
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先求 的有符号动量变化,再取冲量大小;它的速率从 降至 。
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The impulse on is
Hence its magnitude is .
解法二
思路
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也可由原来静止的 求冲量,再利用绳对两粒子的冲量等大反向。
答题过程
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The impulse on is
The impulse on has the same magnitude, so the answer is .