题目
4.
A non-uniform rod has length and mass . The centre of mass of the rod is from . The rod rests on a horizontal step and overhangs the end of the step by , as shown in Figure 2.
The rod is perpendicular to the edge of the step.
A particle of mass is placed on the rod at and another particle, whose mass is , is placed on the rod at , where .
The rod remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position.
(a) Find the smallest possible value of .
The particle at and the particle at are now removed.
A new particle is placed on the rod at the point , where .
The rod remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position but is on the point of tilting about .
(b) Find the magnitude of the force acting on the rod at .
题目中文翻译
一根非均匀杆 长 ,质量为 ,其质心距 点 。杆放在水平台阶上,伸出台阶边缘 的长度为 ,如图 2 所示。
杆与台阶边缘垂直。
一个质量为 的质点放在杆上的 点,另一个质量为 的质点放在杆上的 点,其中 。
杆保持水平平衡。
(a) 求 的最小可能值。
现移去 点和 点的质点。
在杆上的 点放置一个新质点,其中 。
杆保持水平平衡,但恰好要绕 倾覆。
(b) 求 点处作用在杆上的力的大小。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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最小时,杆恰好绕台阶边缘 倾覆,支持力作用于 。杆非均匀,重心必须用题给距 为 3 m,而不是杆的中点。
答题过程
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For the smallest possible , the rod is on the point of tilting about .
Since m, the rod’s centre of mass is 2 m to the left of , and is m to the left. Taking moments about ,
Cancelling ,
(b)
解法一
思路
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原来的两个质点已经移去。新质点位于 右侧 0.6 m;绕新质点处 取矩,可直接消去未知质点重力并求 处支持力。
答题过程
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At impending tilt, the support force acts at . The new particle is at , where
The rod’s centre of mass is m to the left of . Taking moments about eliminates the new particle’s weight:
Hence