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M1 2024 June Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2024 June Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

A box of mass mm lies on a rough horizontal plane. The box is pulled along the plane in a straight line at constant speed by a light rope. The rope is inclined at an angle θ\theta to the plane, as shown in Figure 3.

The coefficient of friction between the box and the plane is 13\frac13

The box is modelled as a particle.

Given that tan⁡θ=34\tan\theta=\frac34

(a) find, in terms of mm and gg, the tension in the rope.

(7)

The rope is now removed and the box is placed at rest on the plane. The box is then projected horizontally along the plane with speed uu.

The box is again modelled as a particle.

When the box has moved a distance dd along the plane, the speed of the box is 12u\frac12u.

(b) Find dd in terms of uu and gg.

(5)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 mm 的箱子放在粗糙水平面上。一根轻绳拉着箱子沿水平面以恒定速率作直线运动。如图 3 所示,绳与水平面成 θ\theta 角。

箱子与水平面之间的摩擦系数为 13\frac13。

将箱子视为质点。

已知 tan⁡θ=34\tan\theta=\frac34,

(a) 用 mm 和 gg 表示绳中的张力。

(7)

现移去绳,将箱子静止放在水平面上。 随后以速率 uu 沿水平面水平投射箱子。

再次将箱子视为质点。

箱子沿水平面运动距离 dd 后,其速率为 12u\frac12u。

(b) 用 uu 和 gg 表示 dd。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

匀速直线运动意味着合力为零,但向上拉绳减小支持力,所以不能把摩擦直接写成 mg/3mg/3。先联立水平、竖直平衡及摩擦公式。

答题过程

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Since tan⁡θ=3/4\tan\theta=3/4,

sin⁡θ=35,cos⁡θ=45.\sin\theta=\frac35,\qquad \cos\theta=\frac45.

Let the normal reaction be RR and the friction magnitude be FF. The speed is constant, so

R+Tsin⁡θ=mg,Tcos⁡θ=F,F=13R.R+T\sin\theta=mg,\qquad T\cos\theta=F,\qquad F=\frac13R.

Thus

45T=13(mg−35T).\frac45T=\frac13\left(mg-\frac35T\right).

Multiplying by 15,

12T=5mg−3T,15T=5mg.12T=5mg-3T,\qquad 15T=5mg.

Hence T=mg3\boxed{T=\dfrac{mg}{3}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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移去绳后没有向上的拉力,支持力恢复为 mgmg,摩擦变成 mg/3mg/3。由新的减速度及速度平方公式求距离。

答题过程

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With the rope removed, R=mgR=mg, so the friction magnitude is

F=13mg.F=\frac13mg.

Taking the direction of motion as positive,

−13mg=ma,a=−g3.-\frac13mg=ma,\qquad a=-\frac g3.

Using v2=u2+2adv^2=u^2+2ad with v=u/2v=u/2,

(u2)2= u2−2g3d,2g3d= 34u2,d= 9u28g.\begin{align*} \left(\frac u2\right)^2=&\,u^2-\frac{2g}{3}d,\\ \frac{2g}{3}d=&\,\frac34u^2,\\ d=&\,\boxed{\frac{9u^2}{8g}}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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也可把摩擦所做的负功等同于动能减少。移去绳后须重新使用摩擦力 mg/3mg/3。

答题过程

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After removing the rope, the normal reaction is mgmg and friction has magnitude mg/3mg/3. Its work equals the loss of kinetic energy:

13mgd= 12mu2−12m(u2)2,= 38mu2.\begin{align*} \frac13mgd=&\,\frac12mu^2-\frac12m\left(\frac u2\right)^2,\\ =&\,\frac38mu^2. \end{align*}

Cancelling mm and rearranging gives

d=9u28g.\boxed{d=\frac{9u^2}{8g}}.