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M1 2024 June Q8

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2024 June Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

8.

One end of a light inextensible string is attached to a particle AA of mass 2m2m. The other end of the string is attached to a particle BB of mass 3m3m. Particle AA is held at rest on a rough plane which is inclined to horizontal ground at an angle α\alpha, where tan⁡α=512\tan\alpha=\frac5{12}

The string passes over a small smooth pulley PP which is fixed at the top of the plane. Particle BB hangs vertically below PP with the string taut, at a height hh above the ground, as shown in Figure 4.

The part of the string between AA and PP lies along a line of greatest slope of the plane. The two particles, the string and the pulley all lie in the same vertical plane.

The coefficient of friction between AA and the plane is 1136\frac{11}{36}

The particle AA is released from rest and begins to move up the plane.

(a) Show that the frictional force acting on AA as it moves up the plane is 22mg39\frac{22mg}{39}

(3)

(b) Write down an equation of motion for BB.

(2)

(c) Show that the acceleration of AA immediately after its release is 13g\frac13g

(4)

In the subsequent motion, AA comes to rest before it reaches the pulley.

(d) Find, in terms of hh, the total distance travelled by AA from when it was released from rest to when it first comes to rest again.

(6)
题目中文翻译

一根不可伸长的轻绳的一端连接于质量为 2m2m 的质点 AA,另一端连接于质量为 3m3m 的质点 BB。质点 AA 被保持静止在粗糙斜面上,斜面与水平地面成 α\alpha 角,其中 tan⁡α=512\tan\alpha=\frac5{12}。

绳跨过一个固定在斜面顶端的小光滑滑轮 PP。 如图 4 所示,质点 BB 竖直悬挂于 PP 下方,离地高度为 hh,绳绷紧。

AA 与 PP 之间的一段绳沿斜面的最大坡度线放置。 两质点、绳和滑轮均处于同一个竖直平面内。

AA 与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 1136\frac{11}{36}。

质点 AA 由静止释放,开始沿斜面向上运动。

(a) 证明 AA 沿斜面向上运动时所受的摩擦力为 22mg39\frac{22mg}{39}。

(3)

(b) 写出 BB 的运动方程。

(2)

(c) 证明 AA 刚释放后的加速度为 13g\frac13g。

(4)

在随后的运动中,AA 在到达滑轮之前静止。

(d) 用 hh 表示 AA 从由静止释放到首次再次静止所经过的总路程。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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张力平行斜面,支持力由重力垂直斜面的分量决定。用给定摩擦系数乘支持力,并明确摩擦方向向下。

答题过程

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From tan⁡α=5/12\tan\alpha=5/12,

sin⁡α=513,cos⁡α=1213.\sin\alpha=\frac5{13},\qquad \cos\alpha=\frac{12}{13}.

Resolving perpendicular to the plane for AA,

R=2mgcos⁡α=24mg13.R=2mg\cos\alpha=\frac{24mg}{13}.

Since AA moves up the plane, friction acts down the plane and has magnitude

F=μR=113624mg13=22mg39,F=\mu R=\frac{11}{36}\frac{24mg}{13} =\boxed{\frac{22mg}{39}},

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

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令共同加速度大小为 aa,张力为 TT。对质量为 3m3m、向下运动的 BB 列方程。

答题过程

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Let the tension be TT and the common acceleration magnitude be aa. For BB, taking downwards as positive,

3mg−T=3ma.\boxed{3mg-T=3ma}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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对 AA 沿斜面向上列方程,再与 BB 的方程相加消去张力。保留精确的三角比与分数,逐步推出给定加速度。

答题过程

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For AA, taking up the plane as positive,

T−22mg39−2mg513=2ma.T-\frac{22mg}{39}-2mg\frac5{13}=2ma.

The total resistance to its upward motion is

22mg39+10mg13=43mg,\frac{22mg}{39}+\frac{10mg}{13}=\frac43mg,

so

T−43mg=2ma.T-\frac43mg=2ma.

Adding this to 3mg−T=3ma3mg-T=3ma gives

3mg−43mg=5ma,53mg=5ma.3mg-\frac43mg=5ma,\qquad \frac53mg=5ma.

Therefore a=g3\boxed{a=\dfrac g3}, as required.

(d)

解法一

思路

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先考虑绳绷紧阶段:BB 下落 hh 时,AA 也上升 hh。BB 落地后绳松弛,AA 靠惯性继续上升,张力为零;重力分量与摩擦都使它减速,必须重新求加速度。

答题过程

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While the string is taut, AA travels a distance hh up the plane before BB reaches the ground. Starting from rest with acceleration g/3g/3, its speed vv at that instant satisfies

v2=2(g3)h=2gh3.v^2=2\left(\frac g3\right)h=\frac{2gh}{3}.

After BB reaches the ground, the string becomes slack and the tension is zero. Particle AA continues up the plane, opposed by both friction and the component of its weight. Taking up the plane as positive, its new acceleration a2a_2 satisfies

−22mg39−2mg513= 2ma2,−43mg= 2ma2,a2= −2g3.\begin{align*} -\frac{22mg}{39}-2mg\frac5{13}=&\,2ma_2,\\ -\frac43mg=&\,2ma_2,\\ a_2=&\,-\frac{2g}{3}. \end{align*}

Let the further upward distance before first coming to rest be dd. Then

0=2gh3+2(−2g3)d,d=h2.0=\frac{2gh}{3}+2\left(-\frac{2g}{3}\right)d, \qquad d=\frac h2.

The total distance is therefore

h+d=h+h2=3h2.h+d=h+\frac h2=\boxed{\frac{3h}{2}}.

解法二

思路

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也可在绳松弛后的阶段使用功能关系:AA 的初动能用于增加重力势能并克服摩擦。最后记得加上前一阶段已经上升的 hh。

答题过程

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When BB reaches the ground, AA has moved hh and has speed vv, where

v2=2(g3)h=2gh3.v^2=2\left(\frac g3\right)h=\frac{2gh}{3}.

The string then becomes slack. Let the further upward distance to rest be dd. The gain in gravitational potential energy is

2mgdsin⁡α=10mgd13,2mgd\sin\alpha=\frac{10mgd}{13},

and the work against friction is 22mgd/3922mgd/39. Conservation of energy with frictional work gives

12(2m)2gh3= 10mgd13+22mgd39,2mgh3= 43mgd,d= h2.\begin{align*} \frac12(2m)\frac{2gh}{3}=&\,\frac{10mgd}{13}+\frac{22mgd}{39},\\ \frac{2mgh}{3}=&\,\frac43mgd,\\ d=&\,\frac h2. \end{align*}

Hence the total distance travelled is

h+d=3h2.h+d=\boxed{\frac{3h}{2}}.