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M1 2024 Oct Q1

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

Particle AA has mass 4m4m and particle BB has mass 3m3m.

The particles are moving in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface when they collide directly.

Immediately before the collision, the speed of AA is 2x2x and the speed of BB is xx.

Immediately after the collision, the speed of AA is yy and the speed of BB is 5y5y.

The direction of motion of each particle is reversed as a result of the collision.

(a) Show that y=511xy=\frac5{11}x.

(3)

(b) Find, in terms of mm and xx, the magnitude of the impulse received by AA in the collision.

(3)
题目中文翻译

质点 AA 的质量为 4m4m,质点 BB 的质量为 3m3m。

两质点在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。

碰撞前一瞬间,AA 的速率为 2x2x,BB 的速率为 xx。

碰撞后瞬间,AA 的速率为 yy,BB 的速率为 5y5y。

碰撞使每个质点的运动方向均反转。

(a) 证明 y=511xy=\frac5{11}x。

(3)

(b) 用 mm 和 xx 表示碰撞过程中 AA 所受冲量的大小。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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取 AA 碰前方向为正。两粒子碰后均反向,因此 AA 的末速度为 −y-y,BB 为 5y5y;列总动量守恒并约去质量因子。

答题过程

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Take the initial direction of AA as positive. The initial velocities are 2x2x and −x-x; after impact they are −y-y and 5y5y respectively. Conservation of momentum gives

4m(2x)+3m(−x)= 4m(−y)+3m(5y),5mx= 11my,y= 511x,\begin{align*} 4m(2x)+3m(-x)=&\,4m(-y)+3m(5y),\\ 5mx=&\,11my,\\ y=&\,\boxed{\frac5{11}x}, \end{align*}

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

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冲量等于 AA 的动量变化。由于速度反向,变化量的大小要把两段速率相加,而不是相减。

答题过程

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The impulse on AA is

IA= 4m(−y−2x),= −4m(5x11+2x),= −108mx11.\begin{align*} I_A=&\,4m(-y-2x),\\ =&\,-4m\left(\frac{5x}{11}+2x\right),\\ =&\,-\frac{108mx}{11}. \end{align*}

Thus its magnitude is 108mx11\boxed{\dfrac{108mx}{11}}.

解法二

思路

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也可由 BB 的动量变化求其冲量,再用两粒子相互作用冲量等大反向。

答题过程

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For BB, the impulse is

IB= 3m(5y−(−x)),= 3m(25x11+x),= 108mx11.\begin{align*} I_B=&\,3m(5y-(-x)),\\ =&\,3m\left(\frac{25x}{11}+x\right),\\ =&\,\frac{108mx}{11}. \end{align*}

The impulse on AA has the same magnitude, 108mx11\boxed{\dfrac{108mx}{11}}.