题目
1.
Particle has mass and particle has mass .
The particles are moving in opposite directions along the same straight line on a smooth horizontal surface when they collide directly.
Immediately before the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is .
Immediately after the collision, the speed of is and the speed of is .
The direction of motion of each particle is reversed as a result of the collision.
(a) Show that .
(b) Find, in terms of and , the magnitude of the impulse received by in the collision.
题目中文翻译
质点 的质量为 ,质点 的质量为 。
两质点在光滑水平面上沿同一直线相向运动,并发生正碰。
碰撞前一瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞后瞬间, 的速率为 , 的速率为 。
碰撞使每个质点的运动方向均反转。
(a) 证明 。
(b) 用 和 表示碰撞过程中 所受冲量的大小。
解答
(a)
解法一
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取 碰前方向为正。两粒子碰后均反向,因此 的末速度为 , 为 ;列总动量守恒并约去质量因子。
答题过程
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Take the initial direction of as positive. The initial velocities are and ; after impact they are and respectively. Conservation of momentum gives
as required.
(b)
解法一
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冲量等于 的动量变化。由于速度反向,变化量的大小要把两段速率相加,而不是相减。
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The impulse on is
Thus its magnitude is .
解法二
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也可由 的动量变化求其冲量,再用两粒子相互作用冲量等大反向。
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For , the impulse is
The impulse on has the same magnitude, .