题目
4.
The points and lie on the same straight horizontal road.
Figure 2, on page 11, shows the speed-time graph of a cyclist , for his journey from to . At time , starts from rest at and accelerates uniformly for seconds until his speed is
He then travels at constant speed
When , cyclist passes .
Given that the distance is ,
(a) show that
(b) Find the acceleration of cyclist between and
Cyclist continues to cycle along the road in the same direction at the same constant speed,
When , a second cyclist sets off from and travels in the same direction as along the same road. She accelerates for seconds until her speed is
She then travels at constant speed
Cyclist catches up with when
(c) On Figure 2, on page 11, sketch a speed-time graph showing the journeys of both cyclists, for the interval
(d) Find the value of
A copy of Figure 2 is on page 13 if you need to redraw your answer to part (c).
Only use this copy of Figure 2 if you need to redraw your answer to part (c).
题目中文翻译
和 两点位于同一条水平直路上。
原卷第 11 页的图 2 显示骑车人 从 到 的速率—时间图像。 在 时, 从 由静止出发,匀加速 秒,直到速率达到 。
随后他以恒定速率 行驶。
在 时,骑车人 经过 。
已知距离 为 ,
(a) 证明 。
(b) 求骑车人 在 至 之间的加速度。
骑车人 继续沿公路以相同方向、相同恒定速率 行驶。
在 时,另一位骑车人 从 出发,沿同一条公路向与 相同的方向行驶。她加速 秒,直到速率达到 。
随后她以恒定速率 行驶。
在 时,骑车人 追上 。
(c) 在原卷第 11 页的图 2 上,画出区间 内两位骑车人行程的速率—时间图像草图。
(d) 求 的值。
如果需要重画 (c) 的答案,原卷第 13 页提供了图 2 的副本。
仅在需要重画 (c) 的答案时使用该图 2 副本。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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从 到 的距离等于图下面积,分成加速阶段的三角形与恒速阶段的长方形。
答题过程
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The area under the speed-time graph is 120 m:
as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
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加速度是速率图在加速阶段的斜率,即速率增量除以 9 秒。
答题过程
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The acceleration is
(c)
解法一
思路
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题干未明确写出 匀加速;本题按 M1 考试预期及官方评分模型,将 的加速阶段视为匀加速。
在原图同一坐标轴上延长 的恒速线至 54 秒。 在第 6 秒才出发,达到 3.6 后水平行驶,其恒速线高于 。
答题过程
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On the given axes:
- Keep ‘s rising line from to , and extend its horizontal line at speed to .
- Start ‘s graph at , not at the origin. Draw a straight rising segment ending at speed , followed by a horizontal segment at speed to .
- Label 6, 9 and 54 on the time axis, and speeds 3.2 and 3.6. Both journeys end at the common time 54 s.
The two horizontal segments are at different speeds. Do not add solid vertical jumps.
(d)
解法一
思路
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追上意味着从同一个起点走过的总路程相同。 从 0 到 54 秒, 只从 6 到 54 秒; 是加速持续时间,不是结束加速的绝对时刻。
答题过程
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By , has travelled
Cyclist travels for s in total. Her acceleration lasts s, leaving s at constant speed. Thus
Since she catches at , :
This satisfies ; finishes accelerating at s.