题目
5.
Two particles, and , have masses and respectively. The particles are connected by a light inextensible string which passes over a small smooth fixed pulley.
The particles are released from rest with the string taut and the hanging parts of the string vertical, as shown in Figure 3.
Immediately after the particles are released from rest, moves upwards with acceleration and the tension in the string is newtons.
(a) Write down an equation of motion for .
(b) Find the value of .
The total force acting on the pulley due to the string has magnitude newtons.
(c) Find the value of .
Initially, is above horizontal ground and is more than below the pulley.
At the instant when has descended a distance of , the string breaks and falls to the ground.
(d) Find the speed of at the instant it hits the ground.
题目中文翻译
两质点 和 的质量分别为 和 ,由一根不可伸长的轻绳相连,绳跨过一个固定的小光滑滑轮。
如图 3 所示,两质点由静止释放,绳绷紧,悬挂的绳段均竖直。
质点由静止释放后瞬间, 以加速度 向上运动,绳中的张力为 牛顿。
(a) 写出 的运动方程。
(b) 求 的值。
绳对滑轮施加的总力大小为 牛顿。
(c) 求 的值。
最初, 位于水平地面上方 处, 位于滑轮下方超过 处。
当 下降 的瞬间,绳断裂, 落向地面。
(d) 求 撞击地面瞬间的速率。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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对向上加速、质量为 3 kg 的 ,沿向上方向列牛顿第二定律。
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For , taking upwards as positive,
(b)
解法一
思路
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轻绳与光滑滑轮使两边张力相同,不可伸长且绷紧使加速度大小相同。联立 、 的方程求张力。
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For , taking downwards as positive,
Adding this to gives
Substituting into the equation for ,
Hence (3 s.f.). Retain for subsequent calculations.
(c)
解法一
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两段绳对滑轮的拉力都竖直向下,因此合力大小为 。使用未舍入张力,避免把 36.8 直接乘二。
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The two vertical sections of string each pull downwards on the pulley with force . Their resultant has magnitude
Thus .
(d)
解法一
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断绳前只下落 2 m,加速度为 ;断绳后还有 8 m,且改为自由落体加速度 。两阶段分别使用速度平方公式。
答题过程
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Before the string breaks, starts from rest and falls 2 m with acceleration . Its speed at breaking satisfies
The remaining distance to the ground is m. After breaking, the tension is zero and accelerates downwards at . If its landing speed is ,
Therefore