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M1 2024 Oct Q7

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

At time t=0t=0, a small ball AA is projected vertically upwards with speed 8 m s−18\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} from a fixed point on horizontal ground. The ball hits the ground again for the first time at time t=T1t=T_1 seconds.

Ball AA is modelled as a particle moving freely under gravity.

(a) Show that T1=1.63T_1=1.63 to 3 significant figures.

(2)

After the first impact with the ground, AA rebounds to a height of 2 m2\,\mathrm{m} above the ground.

Given that the mass of AA is 0.1 kg0.1\,\mathrm{kg},

(b) find the magnitude of the impulse received by AA as a result of its first impact with the ground.

(5)

At time t=1t=1 second, another small ball BB is projected vertically upwards from another point on the ground with speed 5 m s−15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}

Ball BB is modelled as a particle moving freely under gravity.

At time t=T2t=T_2 seconds (T2>1)(T_2>1), AA and BB are at the same height above the ground for the first time.

(c) Find the value of T2T_2

(4)
题目中文翻译

在 t=0t=0 时,小球 AA 从水平地面上的一个固定点以速率 8 m s−18\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 竖直向上抛出。 小球在 t=T1t=T_1 秒时首次再次撞击地面。

将小球 AA 视为仅在重力作用下运动的质点。

(a) 证明 T1=1.63T_1=1.63,保留 3 位有效数字。

(2)

第一次撞击地面后,AA 反弹到离地 2 m2\,\mathrm{m} 的高度。

已知 AA 的质量为 0.1 kg0.1\,\mathrm{kg},

(b) 求 AA 第一次撞击地面时所受冲量的大小。

(5)

在 t=1t=1 秒时,另一个小球 BB 从地面上的另一点以速率 5 m s−15\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} 竖直向上抛出。

将小球 BB 视为仅在重力作用下运动的质点。

在 t=T2t=T_2 秒时 (T2>1)(T_2>1),AA 和 BB 首次处于离地相同的高度。

(c) 求 T2T_2 的值。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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第一次回到地面时相对发射点的位移为零。解时间方程时舍去起始时刻零根。

答题过程

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Taking upwards as positive, the height before the first impact is

s=8t−12gt2.s=8t-\frac12gt^2.

At the first return to the ground,

0=8T1−12gT12=T1(8−12gT1).0=8T_1-\frac12gT_1^2=T_1\left(8-\frac12gT_1\right).

Since T1>0T_1>0,

T1=169.8=1.63265…=1.63(3 s.f.),T_1=\frac{16}{9.8}=1.63265\ldots=\boxed{1.63}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)},

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

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落地前速度为向下 8,反弹后速度由上升最高 2 m 求出。冲量用有符号末速度减初速度,两个方向相反时速率要相加。

答题过程

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By symmetry, immediately before impact AA has velocity −8 m s−1-8\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} with upwards positive.

Let its upward rebound speed be uu. To rise 2 m before coming instantaneously to rest,

0=u2−2g(2),u=2g.0=u^2-2g(2),\qquad u=2\sqrt g.

The impulse is the change in momentum:

I= 0.1(2g−(−8)),= 0.1(29.8+8),= 1.42609… N s.\begin{align*} I=&\,0.1\bigl(2\sqrt g-(-8)\bigr),\\ =&\,0.1(2\sqrt{9.8}+8),\\ =&\,1.42609\ldots\ \mathrm{N\,s}. \end{align*}

Its magnitude is 1.43 N s\boxed{1.43\ \mathrm{N\,s}} (3 s.f.).

(c)

解法一

思路

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先尝试第一次落地之前的运动。AA 已运动 T2T_2 秒,BB 只运动 T2−1T_2-1 秒,分别写高度后相等,最后检查所得时间确实在这个阶段。

答题过程

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For 1<T2<T11<T_2<T_1, the heights above the ground are

hA=8T2−4.9T22,hB=5(T2−1)−4.9(T2−1)2.h_A=8T_2-4.9T_2^2,\qquad h_B=5(T_2-1)-4.9(T_2-1)^2.

Equating heights and expanding the right-hand side,

8T2−4.9T22= 14.8T2−9.9−4.9T22,6.8T2= 9.9,T2= 9968=1.45588….\begin{align*} 8T_2-4.9T_2^2=&\,14.8T_2-9.9-4.9T_2^2,\\ 6.8T_2=&\,9.9,\\ T_2=&\,\frac{99}{68}=1.45588\ldots. \end{align*}

This satisfies 1<T2<16/9.8=T11<T_2<16/9.8=T_1, so neither ball has hit the ground in this interval. The height difference is linear in T2T_2 and has just one zero here; this is the first equal-height time after t=1t=1.

Thus T2=1.46\boxed{T_2=1.46} (3 s.f.).

解法二

思路

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把 BB 发射时刻设为新的时间零点。此时 AA 在 3.1 m 高处、向下速度 1.8。两球加速度相同,二次项抵消,可用相对速度求追到同一高度的时长。

答题过程

展开

At t=1t=1, ball AA has height

8(1)−4.9(1)2=3.1 m8(1)-4.9(1)^2=3.1\ \mathrm m

and upward velocity 8−9.8=−1.8 m s−18-9.8=-1.8\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

Let τ\tau be the time after BB is projected. While both are in free flight,

hA=3.1−1.8τ−4.9τ2,hB=5τ−4.9τ2.h_A=3.1-1.8\tau-4.9\tau^2,\qquad h_B=5\tau-4.9\tau^2.

Equating heights gives

3.1=6.8τ,τ=3168.3.1=6.8\tau,\qquad \tau=\frac{31}{68}.

Hence

T2=1+τ=9968=1.46(3 s.f.).T_2=1+\tau=\frac{99}{68}=\boxed{1.46}\quad\text{(3 s.f.)}.

Since 1<T2<T11<T_2<T_1, this occurs before AA‘s first ground impact. The relative velocity is constant and nonzero, so this is the first equal-height time after t=1t=1.