题目
4.
A uniform rod has length and weight newtons. The rod is suspended by two light vertical ropes. One rope is attached to the rod at and the other rope is attached to the rod at , where .
The rod is in equilibrium in a horizontal position, as shown in Figure 2.
The tension in the rope at is .
(a) Show that
A particle of weight is attached to the rod at a distance metres from . The tension in the rope at is now . The rod remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position.
(b) Find the value of .
Particle is removed from the rod. A particle of weight newtons is now attached at . The rod remains in equilibrium in a horizontal position and is now on the point of tilting.
(c) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一根均匀杆 长 ,重 牛顿。 杆由两根竖直轻绳悬挂,一根绳连接于杆上的 点,另一根连接于 点,其中 。
如图 2 所示,杆处于水平平衡状态。
点处绳中的张力为 。
(a) 证明 。
一个重 的质点 连接在杆上距 点 米的位置。 此时 点处绳中的张力为 。 杆仍保持水平平衡。
(b) 求 的值。
从杆上移去质点 。 现将重 牛顿的质点 连接在 点。 杆仍保持水平平衡,且恰好要倾覆。
(c) 求 的值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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均匀杆的重力作用在距 为 1.5 m 的中点。绕 取矩消去该处张力;题中已经给重力,不应再乘 。
答题过程
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The weight of the uniform rod acts at its midpoint, 1.5 m from . Taking moments about ,
Therefore
as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
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加入质点后重新绕 取矩,两项重力矩由 处新张力矩平衡。
答题过程
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Taking moments about in the new equilibrium,
Thus
(c)
解法一
思路
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原质点已移去;在 加重物使 处绳将松弛。临界时 处张力为零,绕 取矩求 。
答题过程
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At the point of tilting about , the tension at is zero. The rod’s midpoint is m to the left of , and is m to the right.
Taking moments about ,
Hence (newtons).