题目
6.
A particle of mass is held in equilibrium on a fixed rough inclined plane by a light inextensible string.
The plane is inclined at an angle to the horizontal, where The string is inclined to the plane at angle , as shown in Figure 3.
The string lies in a vertical plane that contains a line of greatest slope of the inclined plane.
When the tension in the string is , is on the point of moving up the plane.
(a) Find an expression for the magnitude of the frictional force acting on , giving your answer in terms of , and .
The coefficient of friction between and the plane is
(b) Show that
The string breaks.
(c) Determine whether remains at rest. You must justify your reasoning.
题目中文翻译
一根不可伸长的轻绳使质量为 的质点 在固定的粗糙斜面上保持平衡。
斜面与水平面成 角,其中 。 如图 3 所示,绳与斜面也成 角。
绳位于包含斜面一条最大坡度线的竖直平面内。
当绳中的张力为 时, 恰好要沿斜面向上运动。
(a) 求作用在 上的摩擦力大小的表达式,用 、 和 表示。
与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 。
(b) 证明
绳断裂。
(c) 判断 是否保持静止。必须说明理由。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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质点即将向上滑动,摩擦向下。沿斜面分解,张力向上的分量平衡重力分量与摩擦。
答题过程
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Since is on the point of moving up the plane, friction acts down the plane. Resolving parallel to the plane,
Hence the friction magnitude is
(b)
解法一
思路
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张力有离开斜面的分量,因此减小支持力。用垂直方向平衡及临界摩擦 联立,明确把正弦和余弦项分别合并。
答题过程
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Resolving perpendicular to the plane,
so
Since equilibrium is limiting, . Substituting the expression from (a) and cancelling ,
Collecting cosine and sine terms,
Since ,
as required.
(c)
解法一
思路
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断绳后支持力恢复为 ,最大静摩擦也随之改变。实际只需向上摩擦平衡重力下滑分量,比较两者而不是直接套用滑动摩擦求加速度。
答题过程
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After the string breaks, the new normal reaction is
The maximum available static friction is
The friction required to prevent sliding down is . From ,
There is enough static friction to balance the downslope weight component. Therefore , with friction acting up the plane.