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M1 2025 Jan Q6

A Level / Edexcel / M1

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

A particle PP of mass mm is held in equilibrium on a fixed rough inclined plane by a light inextensible string.

The plane is inclined at an angle α\alpha to the horizontal, where α<45∘\alpha<45^\circ The string is inclined to the plane at angle α\alpha, as shown in Figure 3.

The string lies in a vertical plane that contains a line of greatest slope of the inclined plane.

When the tension in the string is 0.75mg0.75mg, PP is on the point of moving up the plane.

(a) Find an expression for the magnitude of the frictional force acting on PP, giving your answer in terms of mm, gg and α\alpha.

(3)

The coefficient of friction between PP and the plane is 12\frac12

(b) Show that

tan⁡α=25\tan\alpha=\frac25
(6)

The string breaks.

(c) Determine whether PP remains at rest. You must justify your reasoning.

(3)
题目中文翻译

一根不可伸长的轻绳使质量为 mm 的质点 PP 在固定的粗糙斜面上保持平衡。

斜面与水平面成 α\alpha 角,其中 α<45∘\alpha<45^\circ。 如图 3 所示,绳与斜面也成 α\alpha 角。

绳位于包含斜面一条最大坡度线的竖直平面内。

当绳中的张力为 0.75mg0.75mg 时,PP 恰好要沿斜面向上运动。

(a) 求作用在 PP 上的摩擦力大小的表达式,用 mm、gg 和 α\alpha 表示。

(3)

PP 与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 12\frac12。

(b) 证明

tan⁡α=25\tan\alpha=\frac25
(6)

绳断裂。

(c) 判断 PP 是否保持静止。必须说明理由。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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质点即将向上滑动,摩擦向下。沿斜面分解,张力向上的分量平衡重力分量与摩擦。

答题过程

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Since PP is on the point of moving up the plane, friction acts down the plane. Resolving parallel to the plane,

0.75mgcos⁡α=mgsin⁡α+F.0.75mg\cos\alpha=mg\sin\alpha+F.

Hence the friction magnitude is

F=mg(0.75cos⁡α−sin⁡α).\boxed{F=mg(0.75\cos\alpha-\sin\alpha)}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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张力有离开斜面的分量,因此减小支持力。用垂直方向平衡及临界摩擦 F=R/2F=R/2 联立,明确把正弦和余弦项分别合并。

答题过程

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Resolving perpendicular to the plane,

R+0.75mgsin⁡α=mgcos⁡α,R+0.75mg\sin\alpha=mg\cos\alpha,

so

R=mg(cos⁡α−0.75sin⁡α).R=mg(\cos\alpha-0.75\sin\alpha).

Since equilibrium is limiting, F=12RF=\tfrac12R. Substituting the expression from (a) and cancelling mgmg,

0.75cos⁡α−sin⁡α=12(cos⁡α−0.75sin⁡α).0.75\cos\alpha-\sin\alpha =\frac12(\cos\alpha-0.75\sin\alpha).

Collecting cosine and sine terms,

(0.75−0.5)cos⁡α= (1−0.375)sin⁡α,14cos⁡α= 58sin⁡α.\begin{align*} (0.75-0.5)\cos\alpha=&\,(1-0.375)\sin\alpha,\\ \frac14\cos\alpha=&\,\frac58\sin\alpha. \end{align*}

Since cos⁡α>0\cos\alpha>0,

tan⁡α=1/45/8=25,\boxed{\tan\alpha=\frac{1/4}{5/8}=\frac25},

as required.

(c)

解法一

思路

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断绳后支持力恢复为 mgcos⁡αmg\cos\alpha,最大静摩擦也随之改变。实际只需向上摩擦平衡重力下滑分量,比较两者而不是直接套用滑动摩擦求加速度。

答题过程

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After the string breaks, the new normal reaction is

Rnew=mgcos⁡α.R_{\rm new}=mg\cos\alpha.

The maximum available static friction is

Fmax⁡=12mgcos⁡α.F_{\max}=\frac12mg\cos\alpha.

The friction required to prevent sliding down is mgsin⁡αmg\sin\alpha. From tan⁡α=2/5\tan\alpha=2/5,

mgsin⁡α=25mgcos⁡α<12mgcos⁡α=Fmax⁡.mg\sin\alpha=\frac25mg\cos\alpha <\frac12mg\cos\alpha=F_{\max}.

There is enough static friction to balance the downslope weight component. Therefore P remains at rest\boxed{P\text{ remains at rest}}, with friction acting up the plane.